Table 1.
The major inflammatory diseases that are directly associated with cancer and the nanoparticles that play a vital role in these diseases.
| Cancer-Linked Inflammatory Disease and Cancer | Nanoparticles | Size | Probe/Target | Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis | ZnO NPs | 5–50 nm | Zinc NPs binds to viral RNA | Promising in the inhibition of viral replication, when examined on HUH 7 cells against hepatitis C and E viruses | [81] |
| Hepatitis B | Au NPs | 50 nm | Gold NPs-antibody detect hepatitis viral antigen | They target hepatitis B antigen surface to detect the hepatitis B virus present in human serum, via antibody-antigen interaction assays | [82] |
| Hepatitis C | Amphimedon-Ag NPs | 8.22–14.30 nm | NA | They have outstanding anti-HCV, Non-structural protein S drug activity | [83] |
| Hepatitis B | Ag NPs | 10 nm | Silver NPs binds to viral RNA and halts replication | They were found to reduce the formation of extracellular HBV DNA and inhibit RNA and virions when observed on HepAD38 cells | [84] |
| Hepatic Cancer | Ag NPs | 13 ± 1 nm | NA | Inhibition of cytotoxic effects of hepatic cancer at a concentration of 10–200μg/mL on Hep-G2 cells and MCF-7 cells | [85] |
| Hepatitis | Ag/thiol graphene dots nanocomposite | NA | Riboflavin as a probe | Detection of hepatitis core antigen and use of riboflavin as a redox core probe | [86] |
| Hepatic cancer | Ag NPs | 20–50 nm | NA | They have a potent Cytotoxic effect on human hepatic cancer cells (Huh-7 cells and CHANG) at 0, 5, 20, 40, and 100μg/mL concentration | [87] |
| IBD | P@QD-MdC NPs | 150 nm | Antibody (Anti-MAd CAM-1) |
Holds promising outcomes for IBD diagnosis and imagining at an early stage | [88] |
| IBD | Ginger-derived NPs | ~230 nm | Ginger NPs found to have lipids, proteins that binds to cancer cells receptor | They are prominent in the reduction of the effect of acute colitis, repair of intestinal cells, and prevention of chronic colitis-associated cancer | [89] |
| IBD | Eudragit-Mesoporous Silica nanocomposite | ~150 nm | Polymer Eudragit | At an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg, found to prevent and improve IBD and colitis-associated cancer treatments, reduce the mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10 and 17), and be effective in the therapy of IBD | [90] |
| IBD and gastrointestinal disease | Dextran-coated cerium oxide NPs | 17.5 ± 0.7 nm and 4.8 ± 1.2 nm (core) |
Ceramic oxide encapsulated | For imagining IBD and as a computed tomography agent to give an image of the gastrointestinal tract affected with IBD | [91] |
| Pancreatic Cancer | Ag NPs | 2.6 and 18 nm | NA | Decreased cellular proliferation in PANC-1 cells and higher cytotoxic effect of Ag NPs on human pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PANC-1 cells) | [92] |
| Pancreatic Cancer | Au Nanorods | >6 nm | Polymer (bovine serum albumin) and SiO2 encapsulated |
They have applications in bio-imagining and cancer therapy | [93] |
| Pancreatic Cancer | PEG-ZnO NPs | 21.8 ± 0.86 nm | Polyethylene glycol encapsulated | Observe to down-regulate the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 and up-regulated pro-apoptotic BAX, and found to have excellent anti-cancer activity on PANC-1 cells | [94] |
| Pancreatic Cancer | Au NPs | 20 nm | Citrate-capped Au NPs | Inhibits proliferation and tumor growth in both pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells | [95] |
Abbreviations: IBD-Inflammatory bowel disease, Au NPs (Gold nanoparticles), ZnO NP (Zinc oxide nanoparticles), Ag NP (silver nanoparticles), HUH 7 cells (Human hepatoma-derived), and PLGA-PEG coupled with anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody half-chains and loaded quantum dots (P@QD-MdC NP).