Table 3.

Adjusted association between increasing weekly work hours and adverse health and safety outcomes among PGY2+ resident physicians

Outcome	Weekly work hours					P value
	≤48	>48 and ≤60	>60 and ≤70	>70 and ≤80	>80
Patient safety
Medical errors	Reference	1.61 (1.39 to 1.87)	2.36 (2.01 to 2.78)	3.19 (2.69 to 3.78)	4.01 (3.32 to 4.84)	<0.001
Preventable adverse events	Reference	1.54 (1.06 to 2.24)	2.93 (2.04 to 4.23)	2.84 (1.93 to 4.19)	3.84 (2.51 to 5.87)	<0.001
Fatal preventable adverse events	Reference	0.66 (0.25 to 1.70)	2.75 (1.23 to 6.12)	2.51 (0.87 to 5.30)	3.67 (1.45 to 9.30)	<0.001
Resident safety
Motor vehicle crashes	Reference	0.93 (0.74 to 1.19)	0.99 (0.76 to 1.28)	0.94 (0.72 to 1.24)	1.24 (0.92 to 1.66)	0.49
Crashes leaving work	Reference	0.96 (0.66 to 1.41)	0.96 (0.62 to 1.47)	0.92 (0.59 to 1.43)	1.78 (1.15 to 2.76)	0.13
Near miss crashes	Reference	1.41 (1.23 to 1.61)	1.77 (1.52 to 2.06)	2.11 (1.81 to 2.46)	2.97 (2.52 to 3.50)	<0.001
Occupational exposures	Reference	1.78 (1.48 to 2.16)	2.46 (2.03 to 2.98)	3.35 (2.77 to 4.06)	4.19 (3.39 to 5.17)	<0.001
Percutaneous injuries	Reference	1.71 (1.28 to 2.28)	2.59 (1.95 to 3.44)	3.49 (2.62 to 4.64)	5.80 (4.32 to 7.79)	<0.001
Attentional failures	Reference	1.33 (1.27 to 1.40)	1.80 (1.69 to 1.92)	2.29 (2.13 to 2.46)	3.06 (2.85 to 3.30)	<0.001

All models are adjusted for age, gender, specialty, and cohort. Occupational exposures, percutaneous injuries, and patient safety outcomes are further adjusted for hours in patient care. P values are obtained from likelihood ratio tests testing a linear trend through the categories. Estimates for near miss crashes and attentional failures are incidence rate ratios (95% confidence intervals); all other estimates are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals). PGY2+ residents=resident physicians at postgraduate year 2 and above.