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. 2023 Jun 1;13(6):e065544. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065544

Table 2.

Demographic characteristics of older adults associated with toileting-related falls versus non-toileting-related falls

Variable Overall (N=419) Toileting-related fall (n, %) χ2 P value
Yes (%) (N=60) No (%) (N=359)
Sex
 Male 225 29 (48.3) 169 (47.1) 0.9 0.86
 Female 221 31 (51.7) 190 (52.9)
Age
 60–69 156 14 (23.3) 142 (39.6) 20.1 <0.001
 70–79 124 12 (20.0) 112 (31.2)
 ≥80 139 34 (56.7)* 105 (29.2)*
Education
 Primary school or below 124 19 (31.7) 105 (29.2) 5.1 0.17
 Junior high school 136 13 (21.7) 123 (34.3)
 Senior high school 86 13 (21.7) 73 (20.3)
 Graduate and above 73 15 (25.0) 58 (16.2)
Living alone
 Yes 46 12 (20.0) 34 (9.5) 8.7 0.00
 No 373 48 (80.0) 325 (90.5)
Drinking
 Yes 102 19 (31.7) 83 (23.1) 2.2 0.15
 No 317 41 (68.3) 276 (76.9)
Nervous system disease
 Yes 149 23 (38.3) 126 (35.1) 0.3 0.63
 No 270 37 (61.7) 233 (64.9)
Circulation system disease
 Yes 239 40 (66.7) 199 (55.4) 2.7 0.10
 No 180 20 (33.3) 160 (44.6)
Endocrine system disease
 Yes 107 23 (38.3) 84 (23.4) 6.0 0.02
 No 310 37 (61.7) 275 (76.6)
Low back pain or knee pain
 Yes 131 14 (23.3) 117 (32.6) 2.2 0.15
 No 287 46 (76.7) 242 (67.4)

*Significantly different from each other group.