Table 3.
Geriatric syndromes of older adults associated with toileting-related versus non-toileting-related falls
| Variable | Overall (N=419) | Toileting-related fall (n, %) | χ2 | P value | |
| Yes (%) (N=60) | No (%) (N=359) | ||||
| Polypharmacy | |||||
| Yes | 181 | 44 (73.3) | 137 (38.2) | 27.6 | <0.001 |
| No | 238 | 16 (26.7) | 222 (61.8) | ||
| No of medications | 419 | 5.5±3.4 | 3.4±3.2 | 20.5 | <0.001 |
| Hypoglycaemic drugs | |||||
| Yes | 76 | 14 (23.3) | 62 (17.3) | 20.5 | 0.30 |
| No | 343 | 46 (76.7) | 297 (82.7) | ||
| Hypotensive drugs | |||||
| Yes | 212 | 29 (49.2) | 183 (51.0) | 0.1 | 0.80 |
| No | 207 | 31 (51.7) | 176 (49.0) | ||
| Hypnotics | |||||
| Yes | 18 | 1 (1.7) | 17 (4.7) | 1.2 | 0.28 |
| No | 401 | 59 (98.3) | 342 (95.3) | ||
| Cognition impairment | |||||
| Yes | 74 | 30 (50.0) | 44 (12.3) | 52.0 | <0.001 |
| No | 288 | 22 (36.7) | 266 (74.1) | ||
| Missing | 57 | 8 (13.3) | 49 (13.6) | ||
| Urinary incontinence | |||||
| Yes | 37 | 19 (31.7) | 18 (5.0) | 45.6 | <0.001 |
| No | 337 | 35 (58.3) | 302 (84.1) | ||
| Missing | 45 | 6 (10.0) | 39 (10.9) | ||
| Visual impairment | |||||
| Yes | 125 | 36 (60.0) | 89 (24.8) | 31.6 | <0.001 |
| No | 239 | 17 (28.3) | 222 (61.8) | ||
| Missing | 55 | 7 (11.7) | 48 (13.4) | ||
| Gait instability | |||||
| Yes | 169 | 43 (71.7) | 126 (35.1) | 29.1 | <0.001 |
| No | 250 | 17 (28.3) | 233 (64.9) | ||
| Walking aid | |||||
| Yes | 76 | 21 (35.0) | 55 (15.3) | 13.7 | <0.001 |
| No | 284 | 31 (51.7) | 253 (70.5) | ||
| Missing | 59 | 8 (13.3) | 51 (14.2) | ||
| Activities of daily living* | |||||
| Independence | 247 | 30 (50.0) | 217 (60.4) | 3.7 | 0.24 |
| Partial dependency | 111 | 22 (36.7) | 89 (24.9) | ||
| Heavy dependency | 4 | 0 | 4 (1.1) | ||
| Missing | 57 | 8 (13.3) | 49 (13.6) | ||
*Fisher’s exact test.