Table 5.

Comparative study of four constituents of PSC such as ETL, HTL, perovskite and CE, in terms of solar cell parameters.

Substrate	ETL	Perovskite	HTL	CE	Voc (mV)	Jsc (mAcm−2)	FF (%)	ɳ (%)	Ref.
FTO	TiO2	MAPbI2Br	NiO	Au	720	23.28	50.85	8.53	[139]
			Cu2O		1292	23.30	83.65	25.21
			CuI		1138	23.33	72	21.80
			CuSCN		950	23.30	59.91	13.35
FTO	TiO2 treated with TiCl4 (no annealing)	CH3NH3PbI3	Spiro-OMeTAD	Ag	947	19.16	49.87	9.09	[140]
	Annealed @ 150°C				1016	21.57	64.65	14.16
	Annealed @ 300°C				975	19.99	53.45	10.42
	Annealed @ 450°C				990	20.49	58.91	11.98
FTO	TiO2, PANI was incorporated at TiO2/MAPbI3 Interface	MAPbI3	Spiro-OMeTAD	Au	960	17.95	62.1	10.7	[141]
		PANI/MAPbI3 (65 nm)			990	23.71	64.2	15.1
		PANI/MAPbI3 (100 nm)			980	20.10	64.1	12.7
		PANI/MAPbI3 (135 nm)			980	13.40	63.2	11.0
		PANI/MAPbI3 (170 nm)			980	16.30	64.4	10.3
ITO	C60	Cs0.05 (FA0.98MA0.02)0.95Pb(I0.98Br0.02)3 (control)	Poly (triaryl- amine) (PTAA)	Ag	1130	25.25	80.45	23.0	[142]
		Cs0.05 (FA0.98MA0.02)0.95Pb(I0.98Br0.02)3/FcTc2 (1.0 mg/mL)			1184	25.68	82.32	25.0
FTO	TiO2	FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 (control)	Spiro-OMeTAD	Au	1090	24.02	71.91	19.55	[72]
		FA0.85MA0.15PbI3/TPFPB			1120	24.69	78.22	21.60
ITO	SnO2	FAPbI3(control)	Spiro-OMeTAD	Au	1136	26.27	78.49	23.42	[143]
		FAPbI3/MS			1164	26.31	82.82	25.38
ITO	SnO2	CsPbBrI2/BMIMBF4 (0 mg/mL)	Carbon	Carbon	1140	14.33	69	11.37	[137]
		CsPbBrI2/BMIMBF4 (0.25 mg/mL)			1270	14.21	72	13.09
		CsPbBrI2/BMIMBF4 (0.50 mg/mL)			1270	14.68	75	14.03
		CsPbBrI2/BMIMBF4 (1.0 mg/mL)			1270	14.30	71	12.88
		CsPbBrI2/BMIMBF4 (2.5 mg/mL)			1260	13.88	66	11.49
		CsPbBrI2/BMIMBF4 (5 mg/mL)			1250	13.78	58	10.02