Table 2.

Characteristics and (non-)significant main results of included studies, assigned to technique training, dynamic strengthening, static strengthening or balance training

Author	Study design	Total N	Athletes	Training sessions (1/more)	GRF	Joints	LESS
A. Technique training
Jump landing performance—instruction
Almonroeder65	Pre–post	16	A	1		>knee and hip flexion angle
Benjaminse54	RCT	40	S.p.	1			Improved LESS
Chijimatsu 79	Pre–post	15	A	1		<internal rotation angle
McNair56	RCT	80	A	1	<peak GRF
Milner80	Cross-over	12	A	1	<peak vGRF	>peak knee flexion angle
Mizner70	Pre–post	37	A	1	<peak vGRF	>peak knee flexion angle
Tate52	RCT	26	A	1	<peak vGRF	>knee flexion angle knee abduction angle (n.s).
Turner64	Pre–post	24	P	1		>knee abduction angle
Welling51	RCT	40	A	1	<vGRF	>knee flexion angle
Jump landing performance—feedback
Cronin81	Pre–post	15	P	1	<vGRF
Etnoyer57	RCT	43	A	1		>peak knee flexion angle
Leonard82	Pre–post	23	A	1	<vGRF
Oñate55	RCT	51	A	1	<peak vGRF	>knee angular displacement
Shams53	RCT	45	A	1			Improved LESS
Jump landing performance—skill training
Shimokochi69	Pre–post	20	A	1	<GRF	>knee flexion angle
B. Dynamic strengthening
Plyometrics
Dello Iacano83	Pre–post	18	P	More	>peak GRF
Herrington84	Pre–post	15	A	More		<knee valgus angle
Nagano85	Pre–post	8	A	More		>knee flexion angle
Makaruk62	RCT	36	A	More	<vGRF	>knee flexion angle
Vescovi48	RCT	20	A	More	<vGRF
Combi strengthening
Dai86	Pre–post	28	A	1		>hip and knee flexion angle
Peng87	Pre–post	12	A	1	<peak GRF	>hip and knee flexion angle >ankle plantarflex. and dorsiflex. angle
Stearns and Powers88	Pre–post	21	S.p.	1		>knee and hip flexion angle <peak knee abduction angles
Yang60	RCT	36	A	1	♂< GRF ♀< GRF (n.s.)	♂>knee and hip flexion ♀>knee and hip flexion (n.s.)
Prevention programmes
Aerts58	RCT	116	A	More		>hip flexion and maximal left knee flexion angle (♂)
Fox59	RCT	16	A	More		>hip external rotation angle >knee angular displacement
O’Malley61	RCT	78	A	1			Improved LESS
C. Static strengthening
Core workout
Araujo89	Pre–post	16	A	More	<peak vGRF
Warm-up programme
Avedesian90	Pre–post	12	A	1		<peak hip adduction angle >knee abduction and internal rotation angle
D. Balance training
Static balance training
Silva49	RCT	24	A	1	vGRF (n.s.)	Plantar flexion angle (n.s.)
Dynamic balance training
Letafatkar63	RCT	31	A	1		<knee flexion angle

A, amateur; dorsiflex, dorsiflexion; GRF, ground reaction force; LESS, Landing Error Scoring System; n, sample size; n.s., non-significant; P, professional; plantarflex, plantarflexion; RCT, randomised controlled trial; S.p., semi professional; vGRF, vertical GRF.