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. 2023 May 29;28(11):4422. doi: 10.3390/molecules28114422

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Structure of quaterphen[n]arenes (H15) (I), schematic illustration of H15 as a supramolecular antidote against LyeTxI (II) and structure of LyeTxI (III). (B) Viability of human normal renal epithelial cells (293T) cells treated with different concentrations of H15. (C) Viability of 293T cells administered with different concentrations of free LyeTxI and LyeTxI/H15. (D) LDH release of 293T cells treated with LyeTxI in the absence and presence of H15. (E) Hemolysis of H15 toward rRBCs. (F) Hemolytic activity of free LyeTxI and LyeTxI/H15. ns, not significant. ^☆ p < 0.05, ^☆☆ p < 0.01, ^☆☆☆☆ p < 0.0001. Reproduced from ref. [139] with permission from John Wiley and Sons.