Table 1.

Study characteristics of the included studies in systematic review

Publication	Study design	Study area	Enrolment/ study period	Age at baseline (years)	Subject (controls/ cases)	Sedentary behaviour	Results	NOS study quality
Dosemeci et al34	Case–control study	Turkey	1979–1984	—	275/31	Occupational sedentary	OR (sedentary >6 hours/day) = 0.50 (0.10–4.40)	Fair (6)
Shu et al16	Case–control study	China	1988–1990	18–74	536/268	Occupational sedentary	OR=1.20 (0.70–2.00)	Fair (5)
Zheng et al35*	Cross-sectional study	China	1980–1984	≥30	452/452	Occupational sedentary	SIR (long sitting time) = 110	—
Olson et al30	Case–control study	USA	1986–1991	40–85	631/232	Occupational sedentary	OR=0.93 (0.55–1.56)	Good (7)
Moradi et al24*	Cohort study	Sweden	1960	16–95	Sub-cohort A (1960): 704 904/4462	Occupational sedentary	RR (1960) = 1.13 (0.99–1.29)	—
			1970		Sub-cohort B (1970): 982 270/5287		RR (1970) = 1.32 (1.17–1.50)
			1960 and 1970		Sub-cohort C (1960 and 1970): 253 336/1949		RR (1960 and 1970) = 1.30 (1.03–1.65)
Moradi et al25	Case–control study	Sweden	1994–1995	50–74	3368/709	Occupational sedentary	OR (1960) = 1.30 (0.80–2.20)	Good (7)
							OR (1970) = 1.20 (0.80–1.90)
							OR (1980) = 1.40 (1.00–1.90)
							OR (1990) = 1.30 (0.90–1.90)
Weiderpass et al33	Cohort study	Finland	1970	25–64	413 877/2833	Occupational sedentary	RR (high level of sedentary work) = 1.30 (1.10–1.50)	Fair (5)
Furberg and Thune31	Cohort study	Norway	1974–1981	20–49	24 460/130	Leisure-time sedentary	RR (grade1-sedentary activity) = 1.27 (0.69–2.32)	Good (9)
						Occupational sedentary	RR (grade1-sedentary work) = 1.64 (0.95–2.84)
Matthews et al36	Case–control study	China	1997–2001	30–69	846/832	Occupational sedentary	OR (sitting Q4) = 0.93 (0.67–1.30)	Fair (5)
Friberg et al17	Cohort study	Sweden	1997	50–83	33 723/199	Occupational sedentary	RR (work/occupation activity, low, mostly sitting down and sitting down more than half of the time) = 1.03 (0.76–1.39); additional adjustment for BMI: RR=0.99 (0.73–1.34)	Good (8)
						Leisure-time sedentary	RR (watching TV/sitting, high, ≥5 hours/day) = 1.80 (1.14–2.83); additional adjustment for BMI: RR=1.66 (1.05–2.61)
Patel et al18	Cohort study	USA	1992	50–74	42 672/466	Leisure-time sedentary	RR (sitting ≥6 hours/day) = 1.40 (1.03–1.89); additional adjustment for BMI: RR=1.18 (0.87–1.59)	Good (7)
Gierach et al19	Cohort study	USA	1995–1996	50–71	70 351/650	Leisure-time sedentary	RR (≥7 hours) = 1.66 (1.20–2.88); additional adjustment for BMI: RR=1.21 (0.87–1.67)	Good (7)
						Total sedentary	RR (≥7 hours) = 1.56 (1.22–1.99); additional adjustment for BMI: RR=1.26 (0.99–1.62)
Friedenreich et al37	Case–control study	Canada	2002–2006	30–79	1032/542	Occupational sedentary	OR (lifetime occupational sedentary activity, >16.94 hours/week/years) = 1.28 (0.89–1.83)	Fair (6)
Arem et al38	Case–control study	USA	2004–2008	Cases: 61.1; controls: 62.1	662/667	Total sedentary	OR (≥8 hours/day) =1.52 (1.07–2.16)	Fair (5)
Hunter et al9	Cohort study	UK	2006–2010	40–69	253 171/872	Leisure-time sedentary	HR (daily TV viewing time, >5 hours) = 0.59 (0.40–0.88)	Fair (6)
							HR (daily computer use time, >3 hours) = 0.82 (0.55–1.22)
							HR (daily total screen time, >8 hours) = 0.57 (0.31–1.03)
Miyata et al10	Cohort study	Japan	1988–1990	40–79	33 801/79	Leisure-time sedentary	HR (TV viewing, ≥4 hours/day) = 2.10 (0.57–7.71)	Good (8)
						Occupational sedentary	HR (occupational activity, mainly sitting) = 2.17 (1.04–4.56)

*Not included in the meta-analysis and NOS study quality assessment; table values are mean (SD) for continuous variables.

BMI, body mass index; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; RR, relative risk; SIR, standardised incidence ratio; TV, television.