Skip to main content
. 2023 May 31;15(11):2586. doi: 10.3390/nu15112586

Table 1.

Mendelian randomization results derived from IVW for macronutrient composition and breast cancer.

Exposure Outcome
(Breast Cancer)
Number of IVs p OR (95%CI) Cochran’s Q Test MR-Egger Intercept Test
Relative intake of carbohydrate Overall 6 0.19 1.26 (0.89–1.80) 0.16 0.41
Luminal A 5 1.79 × 10−2 1.61 (1.09–2.40) 0.44 0.76
Luminal B 7 0.14 2.07 (0.78–5.50) 0.14 0.04
Luminal B HER2-negative 8 0.87 0.95 (0.49–1.83) 0.34 0.64
HER2-positive 8 0.89 1.10 (0.27–4.55) 0.07 0.91
Triple-negative 8 0.61 0.83 (0.41–1.69) 0.25 0.51
ER-negative 6 0.38 0.79 (0.46–1.34) 0.78 0.45
ER-positive 7 0.85 1.04 (0.72–1.51) 0.26 0.33
Relative intake of fat Overall 4 0.68 0.91 (0.57–1.44) 0.13 0.13
Luminal A 4 0.54 0.86 (0.52–1.40) 0.16 0.17
Luminal B 4 0.83 1.17 (0.29–4.80) 0.47 0.15
Luminal B HER2-negative 4 0.52 0.74 (0.29–1.87) 0.13 0.15
HER2-positive 4 0.16 0.51 (0.20–1.30) 0.76 0.94
Triple-negative 4 0.15 1.50 (0.87–2.58) 0.98 0.90
ER-negative 4 0.12 1.40 (0.92–2.12) 0.95 0.80
ER-positive 4 0.67 0.89 (0.50–1.57) 0.26 0.11
Relative intake of protein Overall 4 8.46 × 10−3 0.64 (0.45–0.89) 0.43 0.42
Luminal A 4 2.21 × 10−3 0.50 (0.32–0.78) 1.00 0.96
Luminal B 5 0.09 0.48 (0.21–1.13) 0.26 0.19
Luminal B HER2-negative 6 0.99 1.00 (0.56–1.79) 0.56 0.32
HER2-positive 6 0.06 0.31 (0.09–1.07) 0.16 0.42
Triple-negative 5 0.87 0.94 (0.45–1.95) 0.79 0.95
ER-negative 5 0.07 0.60 (0.35–1.04) 0.70 0.44
ER-positive 4 7.91 × 10−4 0.49 (0.32–0.74) 0.54 0.34
Relative intake of sugar Overall 3 0.27 1.36 (0.79–2.35) 0.17 0.31
Luminal A 3 0.38 1.28 (0.74–2.18) 0.52 0.55
Luminal B 4 1.39 × 10−3 8.72 (2.31–32.88) 0.06 1.00
Luminal B HER2-negative 5 0.15 2.41 (0.72–8.03) 0.01 0.24
HER2-positive 5 9.19 × 10−3 4.40 (1.44–13.43) 0.60 0.56
Triple-negative 3 0.94 1.04 (0.37–2.89) 0.95 0.84
ER-negative 4 0.90 0.96 (0.55–1.68) 0.73 0.62
ER-positive 4 0.21 1.26 (0.88–1.82) 0.70 0.59

Note: IVW: inverse variance weighted; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; IVs: instrumental variables; p = p value; outcome = risk of breast cancer.