Table 2.
Biological impact and properties of the common carbohydrate nanoparticle types.
| Nanoparticle Physical Properties | Nanoparticle Biological Impact | References | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polysaccharide | Size | Charge | Predominant Synthesis Method | Physical State | Drug Incapsulated | BBB Transmission Showed | |
| Chitosan | 1–200 nm | Positive | Reverse micelle | Hydrogel | DOX, TMZ, lomustine, etc. |
Yes | [141,142] |
| Pectin | 25–900 nm | Negative | Ionic gelation | Hydrogel | TMZ, 5-Fluorouracil | No (for non-functionalized) |
[184,185] |
| Alginate | 10–150 nm | Negative | Ionic gelation | Hydrogel | TMZ, DOX, paclitaxel, etc. | No (for non-functionalized) |
[186,187] |
| Cyclodextrin | Any | Uncharged | Ultrasonic emulsification | Hydrogel | 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, TMZ | No (for non-functionalized) |
[188] |
| Cellulose | Any, different-shaped | Uncharged | Ultrasonic treatment | Solid | DOX, tetracyclines | No (for non-functionalized) |
[189,190] |
| Hyaluronic acid | Any | Negative | Ionic gelation | Hydrogel | Doxorubicin, PTX, camptothecin, curcumin, quercetagetin, dexamethasone, chlorhexidine | No (for non-functionalized) |
[154,165,166,167,168,169,170,171] |