Skip to main content
. 2023 May 30;13(5):e068903. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068903

Table 1.

Criteria for considering studies for this review

Criteria Inclusion Exclusion
Participants Individuals, communities or organisations involved in the receipt of healthcare services within a health system context in Africa
  • Any countries or regions outside the African geographic region

Concept Studies focusing on one of the following PROGRESS-Plus* equity stratifier:
  • Place of residence (eg, rural and urban)

  • Race, ethnicity or culture

  • Occupation

  • Gender or sex

  • Religion

  • Education

  • Socioeconomic status

  • Social capital or resources

  • Any other factors in which health inequalities may exist (eg, age, disability and sexual orientation).

  • Studies that did not include a PROGRESS-Plus* equity stratifier

  • Studies that did not examine inequalities in health service coverage

  • Studies focusing on inequality in health financing or financial protection

Context Studies monitoring at least one indicator related to the following essential health services (online supplemental appendix 2):
  • Family planning

  • Antenatal, delivery and postnatal care

  • Child immunisation

  • Health-seeking behaviour for pneumonia

  • Tuberculosis treatment

  • HIV therapy

  • Use of insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria prevention

  • Adequate sanitation

  • Neglected tropical diseases treatment and care

  • Prevention and treatment of raised blood pressure

  • Prevention and treatment of raised blood glucose

  • Cervical cancer screening

  • Tobacco (non-)smoking

  • Studies that did not include any of those essential health services

  • Studies focusing on basic hospital access

  • Studies focusing on health workforce

  • Studies focusing on access to essential medicines

  • Studies focusing on health security

Type of sources Empirical studies using a quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods design and published from 2005:
  • Original studies from 2005 onwards

  • Conference articles from 2005 onwards

  • Knowledge syntheses from 2005 onwards

  • Protocols

  • Conference abstracts

  • Retracted publications

  • Records published before 2005

  • Editorial materials (eg, commentary, letter and editorials)

*The ‘plus’ includes other factors in which health inequalities may exist such as age, disability and sexual orientation.

PROGRESS, place of residence, race/ethnicity/culture, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status and social capital.