. 2023 Jun 2;9(2):e002916. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002916

Table 4.

Comparison with other studies

	Pregnancy, n	Target malformation	Conclusion
Wallenius et al²³	95 women with SLE 257 327 control	Major congenital malformations	Major congenital malformations were more frequent in children with SLE (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.25 to 5.86).
Vinet et al⁹	719 SLE offspring 8493 control children	Congenital heart defects	Children born to women with SLE had a substantially increased risk of CHD in comparison with controls (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.77 to 3.88).
Current study (2023)	3953 women with SLE 3 275 251 control	All kinds of congenital malformations	After adjustment for age, parity, hypertension, diabetes, and fetal sex, the SLE group was found to be associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations in the nervous system (adjusted OR (aOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.03), eye, ear, face and neck (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.71), circulatory system (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.67 to 2.20) and musculoskeletal system (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.52).

CHD, congenital heart defect; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.