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. 2023 May 30;12(11):2156. doi: 10.3390/plants12112156

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin. Key enzymes in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. PAL: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H: Cinnamate 4-hydroxy-lase; 4CL: 4-counmaric CoA ligase; CHS: Chalcone synthase; CHI: Chalcone isomeras; F3H: Flavanone-3-hydroxylase; F3′H: Flavanone-3′-hydroxylase; F3′5′H: Flavanone-3′,5′-hydroxylase; DFR: Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase; ANS: Anthocyanidin synthase; UFGT: Flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase; 5GT: Flavonoid 5-O-glucosyltrasferase; 7GT: Flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase; MT: Methyltransferase; RT: Rhamnosyltransferase; AT: Acyltransferase; GST: Glutathione S-transferase.