Table 3.

Distribution of patient characteristics according to GFD adherence assessed by Biagi scoring, with relative risks (RR), 95%CI, and p-values derived from univariable Poisson regression models and adjusted by disease duration (aRR).

	GFD Adherence by Biagi Score
	Suboptimal n = 12	Optimal n = 127	p-Value	RR (95%CI)	aRR * (95%CI)
Country, n (%)
Italy	8 (66.67)	119 (93.70)	0.0975	1	1
Outside Italy	4 (33.33)	8 (6.30)		0.71 (0.48–1.06)	0.71 (0.48–1.07)
Sex, n (%)
Male	8 (66.67)	48 (37.80)	0.7549	1	1
Female	4 (33.33)	79 (62.20)		0.98 (0.89–1.09)	0.98 (0.89–1.09)
Symptoms at diagnosis, n (%)
No	2 (16.67)	14 (11.02)	0.6198	1	1
Yes	10 (83.33)	113 (88.98)		1.05 (0.87–1.27)	1.05 (0.86–1.27)
Cohabiting with CD, n (%)
No	12 (100.00)	98 (77.17)	0.0005	1	1
Yes	0 (0.00)	29 (22.83)		1.12 (1.05–1.2)	1.12 (1.05–1.2)
Diagnosis by EGDS, n (%)
No	8 (6.67)	76 (59.84)	0.6349	1	1
Yes	4 (33.33)	51 (40.16)		1.02 (0.93–1.13)	1.02 (0.9–1.16)
Dietician consultation at diagnosis, n (%)
No	10 (83.33)	97 (76.38)	0.5430	1	1
Yes	2 (16.67)	30 (23.62)		1.03 (0.93–1.15)	1.05 (0.92–1.21)
Dietician consultation at follow-up, n (%)
No	6 (50.00)	49 (38.58)	0.4601	1	1
Yes	6 (50.00)	78 (61.42)		1.04 (0.93–1.16)	1.04 (0.94–1.16)
Symptoms after gluten ingestion, n (%)
No	5 (83.33)	19 (43.18)	0.0821	1	1
Yes	1 (16.67)	25 (56.82)		1.21 (0.98–1.51)	1.21 (0.98–1.5)
Missing	6	83
Age, mean (SD)	7.83 (4.69)	6.25 (3.40)	0.2538	0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.99 (0.97–1.01)
Disease duration (yrs), median (IQR)	1.63 (1.09–4.98)	4.09 (1.1–6.08)	0.7844
TGA-IgA × ULN at diagnosis, median (IQR)	15.70 (8.69–119.0)	24.03 (10.18–125.7)	0.1383
Relative difference TGA-IgA × ULN at diagnosis–follow-up visit, median (IQR)	95.72 (94.23–98.37)	97.93 (93.16–99.29)	0.7234

* adjusted for disease duration.