Table 4.

Distribution of patient characteristics according to GFD adherence as assessed by the modified Leffler score, with relative risks (RR), 95%CI, and p-values derived from univariable Poisson regression models and adjusted by disease duration (aRR).

	GFD Adherence by Modified Leffler Score
	Suboptimal n = 26	Optimal n = 113	p-Value	RR (95%CI)	aRR * (95%CI)
Country, n (%)
Italy	19 (73.08)	108 (95.58)	0.0379	1	1
Outside Italy	7 (26.92)	5 (4.42)		0.49 (0.25–0.96)	0.49 (0.25–0.96)
Sex, n (%)
Male	11 (42.31)	41 (36.28)	0.5774	1	1
Female	15 (57.69)	72 (63.72)		1.05 (0.89–1.24)	1.05 (0.89–1.24)
Symptoms at diagnosis, n (%)
No	4 (15.38)	12 (10.62)	0.5467	1	1
Yes	22 (84.62)	101 (89.38)		1.09 (0.82–1.47)	1.1 (0.81–1.48)
Cohabiting with CD, n (%)
No	23 (88.46)	87 (76.99)	0.1166	1	1
Yes	3 (11.54)	26 (23.01)		1.13 (0.97–1.33)	1.13 (0.97–1.32)
Diagnosis by EGDS, n (%)
No	15 (57.69)	69 (61.06)	0.7543	1	1
Yes	11 (42.31)	44 (38.94)		0.97 (0.83–1.15)	0.97 (0.8–1.17)
Dietician consultation at diagnosis, n (%)
No	21 (80.77)	86 (76.11)	0.5886	1	1
Yes	5 (19.23)	27 (23.89)		1.05 (0.88–1.25)	1.06 (0.86–1.3)
Dietician consultation at follow-up, n (%)
No	15 (57.69)	40 (35.40)	0.0550	1	1
Yes	11 (42.31)	73 (64.60)		1.19 (1–1.43)	1.22 (1.01–1.47)
Symptoms after gluten ingestion, n (%)
No	2 (33.33)	22 (50.00)	0.4408	1	1
Yes	4 (66.67)	22 (50.00)		0.92 (0.75–1.13)	0.92 (0.75–1.12)
Missing	20	69
Age, mean (SD)	7.54 (4.50)	6.12 (3.24)	0.1292	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.98 (0.95–1)
Disease duration (yrs), median (IQR)	1.64 (1.10–5.80)	2.61 (1.10–6.08)	0.9837
TGA-IgA × ULN at diagnosis, median (IQR)	31.0 (12.2–203.0)	21.29 (9.61–122.85)	0.5748
Relative difference TGA-IgA × ULN at diagnosis–follow-up visit, median (IQR)	96.62 (89.50–98.52)	97.92 (93.55–99.31)	0.3309

* adjusted for disease duration.