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The serum circulating concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6, (A)), interleukin-8 (IL-8, (B)), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, (C)), and interleukin-10 (IL-10, (D)) in obese patients before (pre) and after (post) eight weeks of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD). Data expressed as means ± SEM. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to compare pre-treatment and post-treatment data. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.
