| ACAN | aggrecan gene |
| Au NPs | gold NPs |
| BMMSCs | bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells |
| CCK-8 | cell counting kit 8 |
| COL2A1 | collagen type II gene |
| COMP | cartilage oligomeric matrix protein |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| ES | electrical stimulation |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| FGF2 | fibroblast growth factor-2 |
| MSCs | mesenchymal stem cells |
| NCDCs | nasal crest-derived chondrocytes |
| NP | nanoparticle |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PFA | paraformaldehyde |
| SD | standard deviation |
| TGF-β3 | transforming growth factor β3 |
| Ppy | polypyrrole |
| Ppy NPs | polypyrrole nanoparticles |
| Ppy/Au NPs | polypyrrole/gold nanocomposites |