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. 2023 May 24;23(11):5018. doi: 10.3390/s23115018

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic diagram of reusable SPR biosensor chip: (A) SPR chip with ferromagnetic nickel patterns, (B) trapping of magnetic particles on the SPR chip through an external magnetic field (H field, 150 mT, black dotted arrow). Magnetization of the ferromagnetic Ni patterns are shown with the red arrows. (C) immobilization of antibodies on magnetic particles using EDC-NHS coupling in a conventional SPR system, (D) detection process of target molecules, (E) removal of magnetic particles with an external magnetic field in the opposite direction to that for trapping. Reproduced with permission from [72]. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier.