Table 1.
Characteristics of the MAFLD cases and control in the VA cohort.
| Variable M (SD) or n (%) |
Full Sample N = 187 |
MAFLD | Moderate Fibrosis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n = 78 |
No n = 109 |
p-Value | Yes n = 12 |
No n = 66 |
p-Value | ||
| Age in years, Mean (SD) | 50.2 (12.3) | 53.6 (11.2) | 47.8 (12.6) | 0.001 | 52.5 (10.7) | 53.8 (11.4) | 0.717 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 87 (46.5%) | 43 (55.1%) | 44 (40.4%) | 0.046 | 8 (66.6%) | 35 (53.0%) | 0.532 § |
| Female | 100 (53.5%) | 35 (44.9%) | 65 (59.6%) | 4 (33.3%) | 31 (47.0%) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 74 (39.5%) | 35 (44.9%) | 39 (35.8%) | 0.418 | 2 (16.7%) | 33 (50.0%) | 0.057 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 68 (36.4%) | 23 (29.5%) | 45 (41.3%) | 7 (58.3%) | 16 (24.2%) | ||
| Hispanic | 34 (18.2%) | 15 (19.2%) | 19 (17.4%) | 3 (25.0%) | 12 (18.2%) | ||
| Other | 11 (5.9%) | 5 (6.4%) | 6 (5.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (7.6%) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 31.7 (6.5) | 35.1 (6.0) | 29.3 (5.8) | <0.001 | 37.8 (5.8) | 34.6 (6.0) | 0.093 |
| <25 kg/m2 | 26 (13.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 26 (23.9%) | <0.001 § | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.109 § |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 54 (28.9%) | 15 (19.2%) | 39 (35.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (22.7%) | ||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 107 (57.2%) | 63 (80.8%) | 44 (40.4%) | 12 (100%) | 51 (77.3%) | ||
| Alcohol use, average drinks/day | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.4) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.155 | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.568 |
| Never/rarely | 79 (42.2%) | 37 (47.4%) | 42 (38.6%) | 0.644 § | 5 (41.7%) | 32 (48.5%) | 0.876 § |
| <1 drink/day | 95 (50.8) | 37 (47.4%) | 58 (53.2%) | 7 (58.3%) | 30 (45.4%) | ||
| 1–2 drinks/day | 10 (5.4%) | 3 (3.9%) | 7 (6.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.6%) | ||
| >2 drinks/day | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (1.3%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.5%) | ||
| Total energy, kcal/day | 2158 (2120) | 1822 (1003) | 2399 (2624) | 0.066 | 1715 (447) | 1841 (1075) | 0.692 |
| Healthy Eating Index 2015 | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 62.6 (9.6) | 61.9 (10.0) | 63.1 (9.2) | 0.410 | 60.2 (12.3) | 62.3 (9.6) | 0.512 |
| Tertile 1 | 60 (32.1%) | 24 (30.8%) | 36 (33.0%) | 0.714 | 5 (41.7%) | 19 (28.8%) | 0.494 § |
| Tertile 2 | 68 (36.4%) | 31 (39.7%) | 37 (34.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | 28 (42.4%) | ||
| Tertile 3 | 59 (31.5%) | 23 (29.5%) | 36 (33.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | 19 (28.8%) | ||
| Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.2 (2.0) | 3.9 (1.9) | 4.5 (2.0) | 0.038 | 3.8 (2.3) | 4.0 (1.9) | 0.721 |
| Tertile 1 | 67 (35.8%) | 33 (42.3%) | 34 (31.2%) | 0.119 | 7 (58.3%) | 26 (39.4%) | 0.306 |
| Tertile 2 | 65 (34.8%) | 28 (35.9%) | 37 (33.9%) | 2 (16.7%) | 26 (39.4%) | ||
| Tertile 3 | 55 (29.4%) | 17 (21.8%) | 38 (34.9%) | 3 (25.0%) | 14 (21.2%) | ||
Notes: § Fisher’s Exact Test. Bold indicated statistical significance at p < 0.05.