| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| HDF | human dermal fibroblast |
| HYAL | hyaluronidase |
| HAS-1 | hyaluronic acid synthase 1 |
| HAS-2 | hyaluronic acid synthase 2 |
| HAS-3 | hyaluronic acid synthase 3 |
| INVN | involucrin |
| OCLN | occludin |
| TGM | transglutaminase 1 |
| FLG | filaggrin |
| AP-1 | activator protein 1 |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinases |
| JNK | c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases |
| HaCaT cells | human keratinocyte cell line |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium |
| PC/SM | penicillin/streptomycin solution |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |