Table 1.

Various definitions and concepts of the term ‘smart city’.

Definition of Smart City	Reference
The concept of a smart city involves leveraging ICT technologies to improve the performance of cities by enhancing the efficiency of municipal services, monitoring urban infrastructure, and supporting business development in both the public and private sectors.	[58]
A smart city is characterized by its innovative sociotechnical and socioeconomic development features, which aim to enhance the city’s intellectual capacity. The smart city concept also includes environmental protection and safety, often called a “green city”.	[59]
A smart city commonly employs Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to tackle the challenges of education, social welfare, and environmental sustainability.	[60]
A smart city is a community that incorporates advanced technologies, sustainable practices, and a safe and attractive environment, all interconnected to enhance its overall performance.	[61]
Integrating knowledge-intensive and creative approaches can enhance cities’ performance regarding socioeconomic development, environmental sustainability, and logistics.	[62]
Smart cities are designed to make communities healthier and happier under the situations that economic, social, and environmental models may offer.	[15]
A smart city employs various available technologies and resources intelligently to improve the sustainability and livability of urban areas.	[63]
A smart city is an urban area that leverages state-of-the-art technologies and creative approaches to boost sustainability, cleanliness, and the well-being of its inhabitants. Smart cities aim to enhance residents’ overall quality of life by integrating intelligent systems and data-driven solutions.	[64]
A smart city is a specific region that utilizes a holistic approach by integrating advanced technologies and real-time data analysis to facilitate sustainable economic growth.	[65]
Smart cities are highly productive, benefiting from educated people, knowledge-intensive careers, well-planned systems, and innovative events.	[66]
A smart city is a region with a strong capacity for learning and innovation, leveraging the creativity of its residents, knowledge institutions, and intelligent infrastructure for efficient communication and management.	[67]
Smart cities leverage information and communication technologies to optimize their infrastructure, resulting in increased convenience, efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, these cities have advanced monitoring systems that enable real-time detection and swift resolution of issues, efficient disaster recovery, and comprehensive data collection for informed decision-making.	[4]
Communication and sensor technologies offer smart cities significant advantages in enhancing logistical operations and ultimately enhancing the well-being of their residents.	[68]
A city can be considered smart when it effectively leverages its human and social resources and a combination of traditional and innovative communication infrastructure to support sustainable economic growth and enhance its residents’ overall quality of life while responsibly managing its natural resources.	[54]