Table 7.

Incidence of paediatric peri-operative cardiac arrest (PPOCA), anaesthesia-related cardiac arrest (ARCA), and mortality in different settings. The incidence was reported per 10 000 anaesthetics

	Author, year	Country	Definition of the peri-operative period	Setting	Incidence of PPOCA	Incidence of ARCA	Incidence of mortality	Time of mortality evaluation
Developed Countries	Flick et al.3, 2007	USA	PACU	Noncardiac	2.9	–	1.6	In-hospital
	Habre et al.2, 2017	33 European countries	60 min after anaesthesia	Mix	2.9a	–	–	–
	Zgleszewski et al.5, 2016	USA	PACU or transfer to ICU	Noncardiac, excluding cardiac catheterisation	5.1	2.6	0.3	In-hospital
	Christensen et al.1, 2018	USA	24 h after induction	Mix	5.3	3.3	–	–
	Hohn et al.7, 2019	Germany	24 h after anaesthesia	Mix	6.9	3.3	–	–
	Jansen et al.6, 2021	Germany	60 min after anaesthesia	Noncardiac	7.9	4.0	3.5	30-day
	Morray et al.15, 2000	USA	PACU	Mix	–	1.4	–	–
	van der Griend et al.4, 2011	Australia	N/A	Noncardiac	–	–	8.2	24-h
	De Bruin et al.14, 2015	Netherlands	N/A	Noncardiac	–	–	33.6	30-day
Developing countries	Khoso et al.13, 2021	Pakistan	48 h after anaesthesia	Mix	2.7	–	2.0	48-h
	Lee et al.9, 2016	Korea	Not Defined	Mix	8.5	–	–	–
	Bunchungmongkol et al.8, 2009	Thailand	24 h after anaesthesia	Mix	19.9	5.1	–	–
	Gonzalez et al.10, 2014	Brazil	PACU	Mix	20.7	2.8	10.3	PACU
	Bharti et al.11, 2009	India	PACU	Noncardiac, except in remote locations	22.2	7.4	10.7	In-hospital
	Gobbo Braz et al.12, 2006	Brazil	PACU	Mix	22.9	4.6	9.8	Not Defined
	Zoumenou et al.13, 2010	Benin	Not Defined	Mix	156.0	–	97.0	Not Defined

ICU, intensive care unit; PACU, postanaesthesia care unit; USA, United States of America.

^aData per 10 000 patients.