Table 2.
The distribution and duration of the medical history of the 3 groups.
| Variables/medical history | Groups{number (percentage), Mean. ± St.Dev} | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS | Patients control | Normal population | ||
| (N = 200) | (N = 200) | (N = 200) | ||
| Depression | 41 (20.5%) | 50 (25%) | 15 (7.5%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of depression (wk) | 75.4 ± 260.2 | 56 ± 153.3 | 12.8 ± 59.9 | <.001 † |
| Measles | 29 (14.5%) | 25 (12.5%) | 7 (3.5%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of measles (wk) | 208.9 ± 543.2 | 190.7 ± 569.5 | 62.8 ± 336.3 | <.001 † |
| Rubella | 12 (6%) | 11 (5.5%) | 0 (0%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of Rubella (wk) | 78.2 ± 330.9 | 102.3 ± 462 | 0 | <.001 † |
| Mumps | 24 (12%) | 33 (16.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of Mumps (wk) | 156 ± 442.5 | 215.9 ± 541.3 | 27.3 ± 178.5 | <.001 † |
| Hepatitis-B | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | .40* |
| Duration of Hepatitis-B (wk) | 0 | 0 | 4.32 ± 61.04 | .36† |
| Chickenpox | 83 (41.5%) | 76 (38%) | 28 (14%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of Chickenpox (wk) | 452.4 ± 690.7 | 394.8 ± 586.6 | 145.3 ± 436.5 | <.001 † |
| Influenza | 4 (2%) | 3 (1.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | .90* |
| Migraine | 35 (17.5%) | 65 (32.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of Migraine (wk) | 106.4 ± 222.9 | 80.2 ± 248.9 | 4.32 ± 38.8 | <.001 † |
| Seizure | 2 (1%) | 21 (10.5%) | 0 (0%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of seizure (wk) | 8.68 ± 88.5 | 13 ± 80.1 | 0 | .15† |
| Parkinson | 6 (3%) | 8 (4%) | 1 (0.5%) | .06* |
| Duration of Parkinson (wk) | 25.9 ± 159.6 | 6.72 ± 43.5 | 0.02 ± 0.35 | .01 † |
| Headache | 9 (4.5%) | 36 (18%) | 1 (0.5%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of Headache (wk) | 0.03 ± 0.17 | 14.7 ± 84.9 | 0 | <.001 † |
| Epilepsy | 1 (0.5%) | 9 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | <.001 |
| Duration of Epilepsy (wk) | 3.6 ± 50.9 | 29.4 ± 173.5 | 0 | <.001 |
| Amnesia | 7 (3.5%) | 10 (5%) | 0 (0%) | <.001 |
| Duration of Amnesia (wk) | 0.15 ± 0.73 | 9.3 ± 50.5 | 0 | <.001 † |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0 (0%) | 4 (2%) | 2 (1%) | .13* |
| Duration of Rheumatoid arthritis (wk) | 0 | 13.2 ± 140.3 | 8.16 ± 102.6 | .41† |
| Hypothyroidism | 11 (5.5%) | 21 (10.5%) | 10 (5%) | .05* |
| Duration of Hypothyroidism (wk) | 25.2 ± 133.1 | 54 ± 237 | 14.4 ± 72.6 | .04 † |
| Hyperthyroidism | 1 (0.5%) | 6 (3%) | 0 (0%) | .02 * |
| Duration of Hyperthyroidism (wk) | 3.36 ± 47.5 | 6.98 ± 59.9 | 0 | .28† |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (1%) | .77* |
| Duration of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (wk) | 2.4 ± 33.9 | 5.76 ± 81.4 | 6.24 ± 75.8 | .82† |
| Psoriasis | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | .36* |
| Duration of Psoriasis (wk) | 3.6 ± 37.8 | 0 | 1.4 ± 33.9 | .45† |
| Myasthenia gravis | 11 (5.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 0 | <.001 * |
| Duration of Myasthenia gravis (wk) | 0 | 3.6 ± 31.8 | 0 | .07† |
| Kidney disease | 5 (2.5%) | 6 (3%) | 6 (3%) | .94 |
| Duration of Kidney disease (wk) | 5.06 ± 41 | 4.09 ± 32.9 | 8.22 ± 56.9 | .62† |
| Hypertension | 2 (1%) | 11 (5.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | <.001 |
| Duration of Hypertension (wk) | 9.12 ± 100.7 | 32.4 ± 164.3 | 0.48 ± 6.78 | .01 † |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 3 (1.5%) | 14 (7%) | 3 (1.5%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (wk) | 9.6 ± 92.1 | 45.06 ± 224.2 | 2.88 ± 27.4 | <.001 † |
| Skin cancer, non-melanoma | 1 (0.5%) | 0)0%) | 0 (0%) | .36 |
| Family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus | 3 (1.5%) | 0 | 11 (5.5%) | <.001 * |
| Family history of Leukemia | 1 (0.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | .22* |
| Family history of MS | 18 (9%) | 13 (6.5%) | 2 (1%) | <.001 * |
| Head trauma | 38 (19%) | 21 (10.5%) | 11 (5.5%) | <.001 * |
| Frequency of Head trauma | 0.22 ± 0.55 | 0.11 ± 0.34 | 0.06 ± 0.30 | <.001 † |
| Antibiotic consumption for 2 wk or more during the last 3 years | 37 (18.5%) | 29 (14.5%) | 28 (14%) | .39* |
| Antibiotic consumption between 13–19 years old | 12 (6%) | 5 (2.5%) | 4 (3.5%) | .06* |
| Duration of Antibiotic consumption between 13–19 years old (week) | 0.08 ± 0.44 | 0.10 ± 0.61 | 0.13 ± 0.56 | .65† |
| Co-Amoxiclav (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 years) | 8 (4%) | 5 (2.5%) | 9 (4.5%) | .54* |
| Duration of Co-Amoxiclav (week) | 0.07 ± 0.35 | 0.07 ± 0.45 | 0.11 ± 0.50 | .58† |
| Gentamycin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 years) | 2 (1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 | .40* |
| Duration of Gentamycin (wk) | 0.03 ± 0.35 | 0.005 ± 0.07 | 0 | .19† |
| Cefexim (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | 7 (3.5%) | 6 (3%) | 2 (1%) | .23* |
| Duration of Cefexim (wk) | 0.11 ± 0.71 | 0.06 ± 0.40 | 0.01 ± 0.15 | .11† |
| Cefalexin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | 7 (3.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | .07* |
| Duration of Cefalexin (wk) | 0.08 ± 0.44 | 0.03 ± 0.29 | 0.01 ± 0.14 | .08† |
| Penicillin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | 4 (2%) | 0 | 0 | .01 * |
| Duration of Penicillin (wk) | 0.05 ± 0.57 | 0 | 0 | .16† |
| Azithromycin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | 7 (3.5%) | 4 (2%) | 4 (2%) | .54* |
| Duration of Azithromycin (wk) | 0.08 ± 0.44 | 0.04 ± 0.32 | 0.03 ± 0.25 | .39† |
| Amoxicillin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | 18 (9%) | 7 (3.5%) | 4 (2%) | <.001 * |
| Duration of Amoxicillin (wk) | 0.18 ± 0.60 | 0.10 ± 0.65 | 0.03 ± 0.25 | .02 † |
| Metronidazole (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | 5 (2.5%) | 4 (2%) | 0 | .09* |
| Duration of Metronidazole (wk) | 0.10 ± 0.71 | 0.07 ± 0.63 | 0 | .16† |
Data are shown as standard deviation ± mean or (percentage) number. Bold values indicate significant changes between the groups.
MS = multiple sclerosis.
*
P value was obtained by Fisher’s exact test.
†
P value was calculated by Mann–Whitney U test.