Table 4.
MS risk assessment (Adjusted OR) of medical histories.
| Variables/medical history | Reference group (Adjusted OR* (95%CI)) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient control | Normal population | All controls | |
| Depression | (0.88, 0.52–1.50) | (2.86, 1.41–5.78) | (2.85, 1.41–5.76) |
| Measles | (1.38, 0.73–2.60) | (4.33, 1.70–11) | (4.40, 1.73–11.1) |
| Rubella | (1.51, 0.60–3.77) | – | (1.31, 0.81–2.11) |
| Mumps | (1, 0.98–1.01) | (5.84, 2.01–16.9) | (1.25, 0.70–2.22) |
| Chickenpox | (0.87, 0.54–1.39) | (4.51, 2.61–7.81) | (0.99, 0.96–1.02) |
| Influenza | (1, 0.20–4.95) | (0.69, 0.13–3.61) | (1.20, 0.31–4.65) |
| Migraine | (0.41, 0.24–0.70) | (12.42, 3.57–43.2) | (0.91, 0.56–1.49) |
| Seizure | (0.05, 0.01–0.27) | – | (0.14, 0.03–0.69) |
| Parkinson | (1.43, 0.40–5.05) | (10.3, 1.04–101.8) | (2.54, 0.78–8.27) |
| Headache | (0.16, 0.07–0.39) | (13.6, 1.53–122.3) | (0.42, 0.19–0.94) |
| Epilepsy | (0.09, 0.01–0.81) | – | (0.17, 0.02–1.49) |
| Amnesia | (1.42, 0.45–4.49) | – | (2.82, 0.94–8.43) |
| Hypothyroidism | (0.54, 0.23–1.28) | (0.68, 0.25–1.80) | (0.56, 0.26–1.21) |
| Hyperthyroidism | (1.08, 0.85–1.36) | – | (1.12, 0.82–1.53) |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | (1.10, 0.06–20.1) | (0.29, 0.01–4.63) | (0.62, 0.05–6.71) |
| Psoriasis | – | (2.12, 0.14–30.2) | (4.63, 0.35–60.6) |
| Myasthenia gravis | (3.22, 0.82–12.5) | – | (7.15, 1.87–27.2) |
| Hypertension | (0.83, 0.14–4.71) | (2.37, 0.09–60.1) | (0.87, 0.16–4.73) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | (0.59, 0.14–2.52) | (1.7, 0.28–10.7) | (0.72, 0.18–2.87) |
| Kidney disease | (1.12, 0.28–4.41) | (0.45, 0.11–1.83) | (0.93, 0.30–2.91) |
| Family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus | – | (0.05, 0.01–0.26) | (0.27, 0.06–1.09) |
| Family history of Leukemia | (0.22, 0.02–2.05) | (0.22, 0.02–2.11) | (0.21, 0.02–1.76) |
| Family history of MS | (1.43, 0.63–3.24) | (9.99, 2.14–46.4) | (2.62, 1.23–5.57) |
| Head trauma | (1.98, 1.02–3.82) | (4.85, 2.13–11.06) | (3.14, 1.77–5.58) |
| Antibiotic consumption for 2 wk or more during the last 3 yr | (1.57, 0.84–2.91) | (1.06, 0.57–1.98) | (1.31, 0.79–2.19) |
| Antibiotic consumption between 13–19 yr old | (2.13, 0.67–6.72) | (2.61, 0.71–9.53) | (2.52, 0.95–6.65) |
| Co-Amoxiclav (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | (1.94, 0.56–6.66) | (0.61, 0.18–2.03) | (1.12, 0.43–2.91) |
| Cefixime (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | (0.54, 0.14–2.09) | (3.82, 0.65–22.2) | (1.43, 0.44–4.61) |
| Cefalexin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | (1.60, 0.34–7.42) | (11.6, 1.16–115.8) | (3.32, 0.85–12.9) |
| Azithromycin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | (2.13, 0.54–8.40) | (1.35, 0.30–6.14) | (2.14, 0.66–6.86) |
| Amoxicillin (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | (3.90, 1.43–10.6) | (6.91, 2.07–23) | (4.75, 2.05–11) |
| Metronidazole (using ≥ 2 wk during the last 3 yr) | (1.70, 0.36–7.94) | – | (2.40, 0.54–10.6) |
CI = confidence interval, MS = multiple sclerosis, OR = odds ratio.
*
Odds ratio were adjusted according to age, sex, education, death of relatives, family breakdown, period of homelessness, severe illness of family members, injury and illness, being in debt’s money, separation from spouse, and entrance exam.