Table 3.
Body composition, strength, physical function, and blood lipid profile.
| CON group (n = 26) | EX group (n = 24) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | ||
| Body composition and muscle thickness | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 55.10 ± 8.08 | 55.18 ± 8.22 | 57.42 ± 7.63 | 58.38 ± 6.92 | 0.23 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 19.61 ± 4.11 | 19.14 ± 3.84 | 20.08 ± 5.98 | 20.82 ± 4.24 | 0.13 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 18.39 ± 6.20 | 19.28 ± 5.33 | 18.07 ± 7.23 | 19.53 ± 6.41 | 0.72 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.83 ± 3.46 | 23.29 ± 3.17 | 24.79 ± 3.32 | 24.70 ± 3.34 | 0.26 |
| Percentage of fat (%) | 33.13 ± 9.22 | 34.79 ± 7.68 | 31.11 ± 10.98 | 33.35 ± 9.45 | 0.82 |
| Rectus femoris thickness (mm) | 20.45 ± 5.37 | 22.11 ± 5.64 | 21.12 ± 4.59 | 23.80 ± 4.77 | 0.63 |
| Blood lipid profile | |||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 95.30 ± 11.00 | 100.00 ± 16.55 | 102.70 ± 35.70 | 101.83 ± 12.74 | 0.41 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 106.69 ± 45.21 | 137.31 ± 45.94 | 119.75 ± 45.21 | 130.75 ± 60.16 | 0.19 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181.77 ± 31.17 | 193.65 ± 28.20 | 165.88 ± 55.04 | 137.31 ± 45.94 | 0.25 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 108.42 ± 25.64 | 119.12 ± 27.08 | 98.08 ± 45.01 | 116.83 ± 35.97 | 0.35 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 56.35 ± 14.62 | 53.08 ± 12.60∗∗ | 48.67 ± 18.29 | 53.83 ± 15.16 | 0.03 |
| Triglyceride/HDL ratio | 2.01 ± 0.969 | 2.78 ± 1.24 | 2.82 ± 1.53 | 2.83 ± 1.86 | 0.189 |
| Strength | |||||
| Grip strength (kg) | 23.47 ± 6.07 | 20.82 ± 6.27 | 26.70 ± 6.57 | 23.72 ± 5.92 | 0.68 |
| Knee extensor (Nm) | 64.12 ± 20.08 | 70.20 ± 21.48 | 70.43 ± 26.18 | 84.75 ± 23.64∗∗ | <0.01 |
| Knee flexor (Nm) | 38.40 ± 11.85 | 44.74 ± 16.57 | 44.35 ± 18.74 | 53.73 ± 16.19 | 0.19 |
| Physical function | |||||
| SPPB (score) | 10.50 ± 1.42 | 10.53 ± 1.50 | 10.54 ± 1.86 | 10.70 ± 1.48 | 0.75 |
| Gait speed (second) | 4.84 ± 0.76 | 5.30 ± 1.02 | 5.54 ± 2.24 | 5.30 ± 1.81∗∗ | 0.04 |
| Time for sit to stand (second) | 11.89 ± 3.18 | 10.99 ± 5.17 | 10.78 ± 3.47 | 8.01 ± 1.86∗∗ | 0.05 |
The P values presented are the result of ANOVA analysis. Within-group analyses are presented with asterisks. ∗P < 0.05 compared with prefrail; ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with prefrail.