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. 2023 Mar 23;25(7):1369–1377. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad046

Table 2.

Product Availability Among Vape Shops Assessed in Summer 2018 (N = 179) and Fall 2021 (N = 119)

2018 2021
N = 179 N = 119
Variables N (%) Kappa N (%) Kappa p
Device products *
 Closed systems (2018) 116 (64.8) 0.96 n/a n/a <.001
 Disposables (2021) n/a n/a 105 (88.2) 0.93
 Cartridge-based (2021) n/a n/a 63 (52.9) 0.96
 Open systems (2018) 179 (100.0) n/a n/a
 Pod mods (2021) n/a n/a 111 (93.3) 0.92
 Box mods (2021) n/a n/a 111 (93.3) 0.92
 Herbal/dry chamber vaporizers 56 (34.4) 0.97 51 (42.9) 0.90 .041
 Combined wet/dry vaporizers 43 (26.4) 0.93 47 (39.5) 0.94 .004
E-liquid products
 Sells vape shop’s own brand 122 (68.2) 0.99 53 (44.5) 0.86 <.001
 Sells other vendors’ brands 160 (89.4) 1.00 105 (88.2) 0.77 .757
 Sells e-liquids with nicotine salt 145 (81.0) 0.96 81 (68.1) 0.71 .011
CBD, THC, and Kratom
 Sells e-liquids containing CBD 76 (42.5) 1.00 37 (31.1) 0.72 .048
 Other CBD products 35 (23.3) 0.92 85 (71.4) 0.86 <.001
 Sells e-liquids containing THC n/a n/a 15 (12.6) 0.63
 Other THC products n/a n/a 74 (62.2) 0.88
 Kratom n/a n/a 48 (40.3) 0.89
Pipes/glassware/papers 33 (18.4) 0.94 63 (52.9) 0.82 <.001

*Different assessments of e-cigarette devices in 2018 versus 2021. n/a = not assessed.

§Significance level set at alpha = 0.01. Intra-class correlations (ICCs) among metropolitan statistical areas were < .20, except for: (0.20–0.50) cartridge-based devices, own brand of e-liquids or e-liquids with nicotine salts, CBD products other than e-liquids, and THC products.