Table 1.
Baseline Item Distributions and Pre- and Post-Intervention Differences: Draft NRT Concern Items
| Draft NRT concern items | Baseline (N = 39) | Pre- and post-intervention (N = 24) |
Resulting item removals and amendments | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) pre | Mean(SD) post | Mean(SE) change | P a | ||
| c1. I would feel embarrassed to be seen using NRT in pregnancy | 1.9(0.92) | 1.5(0.66) | 1.2(0.41) | −0.25(0.14) | .084 | Item removed: baseline agreement <2; confirmed by intervention practitioners as not a concern |
| c2. I am worried that I might get more nicotine from NRT than from smoking | 2.1(0.91) | 2.1(1.02) | 1.4(0.58) | −0.71(0.22) | .006 | Amendment: “I’m worried I might get more nicotine from NRT than from smoking” |
| c3. Nicotine is harmful to my baby | 4.3(0.92) | 4.1(1.03) | 2.1(1.10) | −2.04(0.29) | <.001 | Item unchanged |
| c4. I could easily get a free supply of NRT for as long as I need itb (N=37) | 3.1(1.02) | 3.1(1.10) | 3.8(0.96) | 0.75(0.28) | .013 | Item removed: “don’t know” from two participants; high proportion of “3” responses; beyond intervention scope |
| c5. I would find it hard to remember to take NRT regularly | 2.2(0.81) | 2.1(0.90) | 2.1(1.12) | 0.00(0.19) | .963 | Item removed: no sensitivity to change; reconsidered to measure self-efficacy |
| c6. Nicotine is the most harmful part of cigarettes | 3.1(1.28) | 2.9(1.38) | 1.8(0.78) | −1.13(0.33) | .005 | Item unchanged |
| c7. I am worried that NRT won’t give me enough nicotine to cope with my cravings | 3.2(0.95) | 3.3(1.00) | 2.0(1.00) | −1.33(0.20) | <.001 | Amendment: “I’m worried NRT won’t give me enough nicotine to cope with my cravings” |
| c8. I am worried that there will be side effects from taking NRT | 3.1(0.92) | 3.1(0.99) | 2.2(1.09) | −0.96(0.32) | .010 | Amendment: “I’m worried there will be side effects from using NRT” |
| c9. NRT would be unpleasant for me to use e.g., taste bad | 3.1(0.81) | 3.0(0.75) | 2.1(1.03) | −0.83(0.26) | .007 | Amendment: “NRT would be unpleasant to use e.g., taste bad” |
| c10. NRT is not addictiveb | 2.9(0.79) | 3.0(0.88) | 3.8(1.22) | 0.75(0.26) | .008 | Amendment, to reduce cognitive load: “not” removed: “I’m worried NRT could be addictive” |
| c11. NRT is safe for my babyb | 3.4(0.74) | 3.4(0.71) | 4.4(0.88) | 1.00(0.21) | .001 | Item unchangedb |
| c12. I would want to use the least amount of NRT possible in pregnancy | 3.4(0.74) | 3.4(0.72) | 2.5(0.98) | −0.96(0.21) | .001 | Amendment, to clarify meaning: “I’d want to use only a small amount of NRT while pregnant” |
| c13. It is dangerous to smoke any cigarettes at the same time as using NRT | 3.6(0.84) | 3.7(0.86) | 2.7(1.04) | −1.00(0.16) | <.001 | Amendment, to align more closely with women’s concerns and behavior: “It’s dangerous to keep using NRT if I smoke during a quit attempt” |
| c14. I am worried that I could “overdose” on nicotine when using NRT | 2.5(1.00) | 2.5(1.06) | 1.4(0.58) | −1.17(0.22) | <.001 | Amendment: I’m worried I could “overdose” on nicotine when using NRT |
| c15. NRT will not be as satisfying as cigarettes | 3.4(0.84) | 3.3(1.01) | 2.8(1.10) | −0.54(0.23) | .036 | Item removed: reconsidered as likely true; beyond intervention scope |
Item c10 was adapted directly from a Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) concern (“I sometimes worry about becoming too dependent on my medicines”); items c2, c3, c6, c8, c11 loosely reflect a BMQ concern (“I sometimes worry about the long-term effects of my medicines”); items c1, c4, c5, c7, c9, c12, c13–15 are novel. NRT = nicotine replacement therapy.
aFrom paired Wilcoxon tests (2-tailed, α = 0.05).
bReverse-scored item, where agreement indicates lack of concern about using NRT. A score of 5 is transformed to 1, a score of 4 to 2, and so on.