Table 3.
Discriminant Content Validation (DCV) Task: Average Confidence Ratings Across Judges (N = 16)
| Items in descending order of DCV per scale | Confidence rating: “NRT Concern” | Confidence rating: “NRT Necessity Belief” | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | z a | p a | Median (IQR) | z a | p a | |
| Concern items (11 items): | ||||||
| I’m worried there will be side effects from using NRT | 100(0) | 3.75 | <.001 | −95(19) | −3.52 | <.001 |
| I’m worried I could “overdose” on nicotine when using NRT | 100(8) | 3.70 | <.001 | −99(20) | −3.30 | .001 |
| I’m worried NRT could be addictive | 100(8) | 3.62 | <.001 | −91(33) | −3.54 | <.001 |
| It’s dangerous to keep using NRT if I smoke during a quit attempt | 100(10) | 3.62 | <.001 | −86(33) | −2.72 | .006 |
| I’m worried I might get more nicotine from NRT than from smoking | 100(9) | 3.59 | <.001 | −80(53) | −2.59 | .010 |
| NRT would be unpleasant to use e.g. taste bad | 95(23) | 3.57 | <.001 | −94(24) | −3.54 | <.001 |
| Nicotine is harmful to my baby | 100(16) | 3.46 | .001 | −90(27) | −2.40 | .017 |
| Nicotine is the most harmful part of cigarettes | 95(36) | 2.88 | .004 | −91(30) | −3.28 | .001 |
| NRT is safe for my baby | 100(87) | 2.15 | .032 | −90(55) | −2.79 | .005 |
| I’m worried NRT won’t give me enough nicotine to cope with my cravings | 81(46) | 2.08 | .037 | 39(153) | −0.39 | .698 |
| I’d want to use only a small amount of NRT while pregnant | 75(104) | 1.24 | .214 | −39(134) | 0.18 | .856 |
| Necessity belief items (11 items): | ||||||
| Quitting smoking would be impossible for me without NRT | −93(27) | −2.81 | .005 | 100(18) | 3.54 | <.001 |
| NRT will improve my chances of quitting smoking in pregnancy | −86(49) | −2.58 | .010 | 91(17) | 3.54 | <.001 |
| NRT will help me avoid smoking in places and situations where I’d usually smoke | −90(30) | −2.87 | .004 | 85(41) | 3.53 | <.001 |
| NRT will help me avoid smoking when I’m stressed | −80(126) | −1.97 | .049 | 80(39) | 3.32 | .001 |
| NRT will control my cravings to smoke | −83(119) | −2.32 | .021 | 83(44) | 3.11 | .002 |
| I’d only need to use NRT for a few weeks | −92(128) | −2.89 | .004 | 100(9) | 3.01 | .003 |
| For NRT to work, I’d only need to use it when I feel like I need it | −86(56) | −2.85 | .004 | 93(25) | 2.91 | .004 |
| NRT will relieve my discomfort from quitting smoking (withdrawal symptoms) | −67(99) | −1.92 | .055 | 85(50) | 2.55 | .011 |
| If my quit attempt is going well, I’d want to test if I could do without NRT | −85(50) | −2.60 | .009 | 85(36) | 1.99 | .046 |
| My baby’s health would improve if I used NRT | 15(188) | −0.10 | .917 | 53(140) | 1.19 | .233 |
| My health would improve if I used NRT | 71(176) | −0.03 | .979 | 75(177) | 0.91 | .362 |
| Other (dummy) items (2 items): | ||||||
| I’d struggle to remember to use NRT regularly (self-efficacy) | −10(193) | −0.11 | .916 | −55(159) | −1.27 | .204 |
| Doctors and midwives approve of using NRT in pregnancy (subjective norm) | 56(156) | 0.67 | .501 | −63(168) | −0.91 | .364 |
Medians presented as distributions significantly non-normal for all confidence ratings (Shapiro–Wilk tests).
italic text denotes item removed as a result of DCV task. NRT = nicotine replacement therapy.
aFrom one-sample Wilcoxon tests (2-tailed, α = 0.05), where hypothesized median = 0.