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. 2023 Jun 10:1–14. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s12671-023-02160-1

Table 2.

Summary of the Meta-Analytic Results

Measure Mean Tau-U 95% CI Percentage of participants with significant results I2 T I2 (moderators included) T (moderators included)
LL UL
Concentration 0.42 0.25 0.59 64% 75.80 0.25 47.93 0.14
Mind wandering 0.36 0.22 0.51 64% 83.69 0.23 85.03 0.24
Decentering 0.34 0.18 0.51 73% 87.65 0.26 88.63 0.28
PANAS+ 0.29 0.18 0.40 82% 69.89 0.15 63.45 0.13
Well-being 0.25 0.15 0.35 73% 66.89 0.14 76.22 0.18
PANAS- 0.09 -0.03 0.22 27% 74.86 0.18 81.07 0.21
ER_Reappraisal 0.03 -0.20 0.27 27% 93.00 0.38 94.17 0.43
ER_Suppression -0.15 -0.32 0.02 18% 86.80 0.27 81.16 0.22

Note. I2 and T are measures of heterogeneity (I2 is the unexplained variance of Tau-Us not due to sampling error, and T is the standard deviation of the mean Tau- Us), shown without and with inclusion of three moderator variables (Easy-Immersed, Awake-Relaxed, and Distracted). CI Confidence interval, LL lower limit, UL upper limit, PANAS+ mean of four items from the Positive Affect scale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988), PANAS- mean of four Items from the Negative Affect scale of the PANAS, ER Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003)