Figure 4.

Prolate deformation of a GUV suspended in an AC field ($\beta$ = 10, $\Omega$ = 0.5) obtained via numerical simulations. (A) Electrodeformation for various viscosity contrasts $\eta$, while the conductivity ratio is fixed ($\Lambda$ = 0.9). We observe that the higher the GUV luminal viscosity, the longer it takes to complete the prolate deformation. (B) Conductivity ratio is varied while the viscosity contrast is fixed to $\eta$ = 5. Prolate deformation takes longer as $\Lambda$ is reduced and halts altogether below a threshold $\Lambda$. (C) Decreasing $\Lambda$ and increasing $\eta$ simultaneously results in a compounding effect on the prolate deformation, which is highlighted in this experiment. (D) Electric potential contour plots around the vesicle of $\Lambda$ = 0.7, $\eta$ = 2 at times t = 0.2 (flaccid GUV), 4.2 (transitionary phase), and 7.2 (prolate). To see this figure in color, go online.