Electrodeformation of GUVs encapsulating different membrane and actin-binding protein conditions. (A) Bright-field images show transformation of GUVs from unperturbed (left column) to elliptically electrodeformed during application of electric field (middle column) to spherical recovery (right column). Images of GUV encapsulating 5.6 μM actin, VCA (0.5 μM), and Arp2/3 (0.5 μM) without Ni-NTA at the membrane (first row), GUV encapsulating actin VCA excluding Arp2/3 with 5% Ni-NTA at the membrane (second row), and actin-cortex GUV (third row). (B) Maximum a/b ratio of GUVs from the three conditions indicated. (C) Electrodeformation of actin cortex at varying Ni-NTA concentrations in lipid bilayer membrane and alpha-actinin-cross-linked GUVs. Bright-field images show transformation of GUVs from unperturbed (left column) to elliptically electrodeformed during application of electric field (middle column) to spherical recovery (right column). Images of actin-cortex GUVs reconstituted in 2.5% Ni-NTA (top), 5% Ni-NTA (middle), and alpha-actinin-cross-linked (1.77 μM) GUVs are displayed. (D) Maximum a/b ratio of GUVs from the three conditions indicated. For (B), data represent mean maximum deformation, and error bars denote ±SE. n2.5% Ni-NTA = 11, n5% Ni-NTA = 13, and ncross-linker = 12. For (D), data represent mean maximum deformation, and error bars denote ±SE. nNo Ni-NTA = 10, nNo Arp2/3 = 12, nCortex = 12, and nF-actin = 13. Scale bars, 10 μm. To see this figure in color, go online.