Skip to main content
. 2023 Jun 10:1–8. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02674-3

Table 2.

Bivariate emotional exhaustion burnout results.

Estimated mean sum score Emotional exhaustion burnout Factor level p value
Time 1 (95% CI) Time 2 (95% CI)
Burnout 14.4 (12.8, 16.0) 17.7 (16.2, 19.3)**
Age, years <0.001
  <=30 15.2 (12.3, 18.1) 23.9 (21.0, 26.9)**
  31–40 15.0 (12.4, 17.7) 17.4 (14.7, 20.0)
  41–50 13.4 (10.3, 16.4) 14.1 (11.0, 17.1)
  >=50 13.4 (9.6, 17.3) 13.4 (9.6, 17.3)
Sex 0.380
  Female 14.5 (12.6, 16.4) 18.2 (16.4, 20.1)**
  Male 14.2 (11.3, 17.1) 16.5 (13.6, 19.4)
Race 0.150
  Asian 17.1 (13.0, 21.1) 19.8 (15.7, 23.8)
  Hispanic 10.1 (5.6, 14.5) 17.7 (13.2, 22.1)**
  White 14.7 (12.8, 16.6) 17.6 (15.7, 19.5)**
  Multi-Racial/Other 12.5 (4.4, 20.6) 12.5 (4.4, 20.6)
Marital Status <0.001
  Married 14.7 (12.8, 16.6) 16.0 (14.1, 17.9)
  Not married 13.9 (11.2, 16.5) 21.1 (18.4, 23.8)**
Children <0.001
  Yes 13.6 (11.5, 15.8) 14.3 (12.1, 16.4)
  No 15.4 (12.5, 18.4) 23.3 (20.3, 26.3)**
Department 0.258
  Emergency Department 14.6 (12.4, 16.7) 18.2 (16.1, 20.4)**
  Intensive Care Unit 13.8 (10.2, 17.4) 15.8 (12.2, 19.4)
  Perioperative 15.0 (11.6, 18.3) 19.8 (16.5, 23.1)**
  Transport 12.6 (5.6, 19.7) 10.7 (3.6, 17.7)
Position 0.008
  Nurse (RN) 14.9 (12.8, 17.1) 17.9 (15.7, 20.0)**
  NP/PA 10.9 (5.0, 16.9) 12.8 (6.9, 18.8)
  Physician 14.1 (10.8, 17.4) 14.7 (11.4, 18.0)
  Medical Technician 14.7 (11.1, 18.3) 22.8 (19.2, 26.4)**
Years of experience (r = –0.303**) <0.001
Personality
 Extraversion 0.399
   ≥4 12.7 (10.6, 14.9) 15.2 (13.1, 17.4)*
   <4 16.4 (14.1, 18.8) 20.2 (17.8, 22.6)**
 Agreeableness 0.293
   ≥4 16.8 (15.1, 18.5) 13.9 (12.2, 15.6)**
   <4 16.5 (12.6, 20.3) 21.5 (17.7, 25.3)**
 Conscientiousness 0.041
   ≥4 13.7 (12.0, 15.4) 16.4 (14.6, 18.1)**
   <4 17.8 (14.1, 21.4) 24.4 (20.8, 28.1)**
 Neuroticism 0.172
   ≥4 21.7 (15.5, 27.8) 29.0 (22.8, 35.2)*
   <4 14.0 (12.4, 15.6) 17.0 (15.5, 18.6)**
 Openness 0.942
   ≥4 13.9 (11.9, 15.8) 17.1 (15.2, 19.0)**
   <4 15.6 (12.8, 18.4) 19.0 (16.2, 21.8)*
Trait Anxiety 0.016
   >40 18.6 (16.5, 20.8) 24.0 (21.9, 26.1)**
   ≤40 11.2 (9.3, 13.1) 13.0 (11.1, 14.8)

Notes. Score norm interpretation: 0–18 low, 19-26, moderate, ≥27 high burnout. Bold italics indicate within level scores that cross burnout norm levels (only noted for variables that were significant at the factor level). NP nurse practitioner; PA physician associate *within level P < .05; **within level P < 0.01.