TABLE 2.
Overview of screening tools in identifying malnutrition risk and related problems in chronic disease
| Study | Year | Study design | Population | Intervention (screening tools) | Outcome/summary points | Statistical test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spagnuolo et al. [32] | 2013 | Prosepective observational | 1–18 y old inpatients (n = 144) | STRONGkids | STRONGkids is recommended with high sensitivity but not specificity. | Increased risk of malnutrition: |
| 71% sensitivity (95% CI: 48–89), 53% specificity (95% CI: 43–63) | ||||||
| (LR 1.5; p = 0.032) based on anthropometrics. | ||||||
| Lara-pompa et al. [33] | 2020 | Prospective observational | 5–18 y old inpatients (n = 152) | STAMP | STAMP and STRONGkids are good tools for screening malnutrition on admission, whereas PYMS is the best tool for identifying pediatric cases with adverse clinical outcomes. | Increased LOS |
| STRONGKids | Increased LOS and outcomes of complications were provided as complementary information for malnutrition risk. | PYMS: 49% sensitivity, 81% specificity; | ||||
| PYMS | STRONGkids: 46% sensitivity, 68% specificity; | |||||
| STAMP: 34% sensitivity, 86% specificity. | ||||||
| Outcome of complications | ||||||
| PYMS: 55% sensitivity, 83% specificity; | ||||||
| STRONGkids: 52% sensitivity, 69% specificity; STAMP: | ||||||
| 33% sensitivity, 86% specificity | ||||||
| Carter et al. [34] | 2020 | Prospective observational | 1 mo–17y old Inpatients (n = 165) | Strongkids PNST | PNST is not a better screening tool than STRONGkids unless adapted to each population by adjusting the cut-off values for nutrition risk as compared with SGNA. | Increased risk of malnutrition |
| PNST: 88% sensitivity, 78% specificity; Cohen’s kappa (κ), 0.658 (P < 0.001); | ||||||
| STRONGkids: 94% sensitivity, 44% specificity; κ, 0.38 (P = 0.009) | ||||||
| ROC curve for PNST: 0.819 (0.745–0.894), P < 0.001. | ||||||
| ROC curve for STRONGkids: | ||||||
| 0.809 (0.723–0.894), P < 0.001 |
CI, confidence interval; LOS, length of stay; LR, likelihood ratio; PNST, pediatric nutrition screening tool; PYMS, pediatric Yorkhill malnutrition score; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SGNA, subjective global nutritrion assessment; STAMP, screening tool for the assessment of malnutrition in pediatrics; STRONGkids, screening tool risk on nutritional status and growth for kids.