TABLE 2.
Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT): Baseline Medical and Ocular History and Falls Risk
| Variable | Total Participants (n = 708) | Intervention Group (n = 454) | Usual Care Group (n = 254) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Medical Conditions (Self-Reported), n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 444 (62.7) | 286 (63.0) | 158 (62.2) | .835 |
| Diabetes | 206 (29.1) | 130 (28.6) | 76 (29.9) | .718 |
| Arthritis/osteoporosis | 327 (46.2) | 220 (48.5) | 107 (42.1) | .105 |
| Foot problems | 251 (35.5) | 167 (36.8) | 84 (33.1) | .322 |
| Heart problems | 139 (19.6) | 87 (19.2) | 52 (20.5) | .674 |
| Depression | 125 (177) | 81 (178) | 44 (17.3) | .862 |
| Asthma/COPD | 118 (16.7) | 88 (19.4) | 30 (11.8) | .010a |
| Cancer | 47 (6.6) | 31 (6.8) | 16 (6.3) | .786 |
| Other medical conditions | 80 (11.3) | 51 (11.2) | 29 (11.4) | .941 |
| No medical conditions | 80 (11.3) | 53 (11.7) | 27 (10.6) | .674 |
| Current Smoker, n (%) | 103 (14.5) | 70 (15.4) | 33 (13.0) | .380 |
| COVID-19 Vaccination Status (Self-Reported), n (%) | ||||
| Vaccinated (at least 2 shots) | 565 (79.8) | 345 (76.0) | 220 (86.6) | .001a |
| Not vaccinated for COVID-19 | 123 (17.4) | 98 (21.6) | 25 (9.8) | .000a |
| Ocular Conditions (Self-Reported), n (%) | ||||
| Dry eye | 331 (46.8) | 221 (48.7) | 110 (43.3) | .169 |
| Blurry vision | 272 (38.4) | 185 (40.7) | 87 (34.3) | .088 |
| Cataract | 199 (28.1) | 122 (26.9) | 77 (30.3) | .328 |
| Glaucoma | 83 (11.7) | 55 (12.1) | 28 (11.0) | .665 |
| Floaters | 111 (15.7) | 60 (13.2) | 51 (20.1) | .016a |
| Double vision | 51 (7.2) | 38 (8.4) | 13 (5.1) | .108 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 13 (1.8) | 10 (2.2) | 3 (1.2) | .332 |
| Macular degeneration | 8 (1.1) | 7 (1.5) | 1 (0.4) | .166 |
| No ocular conditions | 154 (21.8) | 95 (20.9) | 59 (23.2) | .476 |
| Family History (Self-Reported), n (%) | ||||
| Family history of glaucoma | 168 (23.7) | 100 (22.0) | 68 (26.8) | .155 |
| Family history of blindness | 72 (10.2) | 44 (9.7) | 28 (11.0) | .574 |
| Wears Prescription Eyeglasses, n (%) | 504 (71.2) | 331 (72.9) | 173 (68.1) | .176 |
| Age of Eyeglasses, n (%) | ||||
| <1 y | 101 (20.0) | 66 (19.9) | 35 (20.2) | .938 |
| 1–2 y | 123 (24.4) | 80 (24.2) | 43 (24.9) | .865 |
| >2 y | 238 (47.2) | 158 (477) | 80 (46.2) | .750 |
| Can’t remember | 42 (8.3) | 27 (8.2) | 15 (8.7) | .843 |
| Last Dilated Eye Examination, n (%) | ||||
| Within the past year | 167 (23.6) | 107 (23.6) | 60 (23.6) | .987 |
| Within 1–2 y | 163 (23.0) | 107 (23.6) | 56 (22.0) | .645 |
| >2 y | 250 (35.3) | 162 (35.7) | 88 (34.6) | .782 |
| Can’t remember | 82 (11.6) | 47 (10.4) | 35 (13.8) | .172 |
| Never had eye examination | 46 (6.5) | 31 (6.8) | 15 (5.9) | .633 |
| Reason for No Eye Examination in Past 2 y, n (%) | ||||
| No reason to go | 108 (28.9) | 76 (32.1) | 32 (23.4) | .073 |
| Not thought about it | 59 (15.8) | 42 (177) | 17 (12.4) | .174 |
| No vision insurance | 25 (6.7) | 16 (6.8) | 9 (6.6) | .946 |
| Cost of eye examination | 10 (2.7) | 6 (2.5) | 4 (2.9) | .823 |
| Don’t have an eye doctor | 16 (4.3) | 11 (4.6) | 5 (3.6) | .648 |
| Couldn’t get appointment | 11 (2.9) | 5 (2.1) | 6 (4.4) | .211 |
| No transportation to office | 4 (1.1) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.5) | .577 |
| Other, including COVID | 141 (37.7) | 79 (33.3) | 62 (45.3) | .022a |
| NEI-VFQ-8 Mean Composite Score ± SD | 68.3 ± 11.6 | 673 ± 11.5 | 70.0 ± 11.8 | .003a |
| Falls History, n (%) (Pre-screening) | ||||
| Worries about falling and feels unsteady when standing or walking | 296 (41.8) | 177 (39.0) | 119 (46.9) | .042a |
| Fell in the past year 1–5 times | 176 (24.9) | 108 (23.8) | 68 (26.8) | .378 |
| Visited emergency room due to falling | 59 (8.3) | 32 (7.0) | 27 (10.6) | .098 |
| Hospitalized due to falling | 23 (3.2) | 12 (2.6) | 11 (4.3) | .224 |
| Conduct STEADI in the Field | 351 (49.6) | 210 (46.3) | 141 (55.5) | .018a |
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NEI-VFQ-9 = National Eye Institute Vision Function Questionnaire–9; NYC-SIGHT = New York City–Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine; STEADI = Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries.
a
Statistically significant at P < .05 level.