Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants in the cross-sectional VAPORS-Endothelial function study among young adults, 2017–2019
| Characteristics | Total (N=46) n (%) | Non-users (N=23) n (%) | Current e-cigarette users (N=23) n (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 24.3 ± 4.0 | 25.6 ± 4.0 | 23.0 ± 3.7 | 0.027 |
| Male sex | 36 (78.3) | 18 (78.3) | 18 (78.3) | 1.00 |
| Ethnicity | 0.35 | |||
| Hispanic | 5 (10.9) | 4 (17.4) | 1 (4.4) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 41 (89.1) | 19 (82.6) | 22 (95.6) | |
| Race | 0.19 | |||
| White | 27 (58.7) | 10 (43.5) | 17 (73.9) | |
| Black/African American | 5 (10.9) | 3 (13.0) | 2 (8.7) | |
| Asian | 5 (10.9) | 4 (17.4) | 1 (4.4) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 9 (19.5) | 6 (26.1) | 3 (13.0) | |
| Employment | 0.27 | |||
| Employed for wages | 20 (44.4) | 8 (34.8) | 12 (54.6) | |
| Self-employed | 1 (2.2) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Out of work | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.6) | |
| Student | 23 (51.1) | 14 (60.9) | 9 (40.9) | |
| Marital status | 0.025 | |||
| Married | 4 (8.7) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (8.7) | |
| Single, living with significant other | 9 (19.6) | 1 (4.3) | 8 (34.8) | |
| Single, not living with significant other | 33 (71.7) | 20 (87.0) | 13 (56.5) | |
| Education level | <0.001 | |||
| Eighth Grade or lower | 5 (10.9) | 1 (4.4) | 4 (17.4) | |
| More than 8th Grade but not a high school graduate | 20 (43.5) | 4 (17.4) | 16 (69.6) | |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 21 (45.6) | 18 (78.3) | 3 (13.0) | |
| Health status | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.4 ± 4.5 | 23.9 ± 3.5 | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 0.021 |
| Ever smoker | 13 (28.3) | 1 (4.4) | 12 (52.2) | 0.001 |
| Baseline heart rate (bpm), mean ± SD | 65.4 ± 1.7 | 62.6 ± 1.8 | 68.2 ± 2.8 | 0.11 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 112.6 ± 11.8 | 107.8 ± 12.1 | 116.9 ± 9.9 | 0.011 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 66.6 ± 9.4 | 64.9 ± 9.2 | 68.2 ± 9.5 | 0.26 |
| Brachial artery diameter (mm), mean ± SD | ||||
| Basal (diastolic) | 3.99 ± 0.61 | 3.94 ± 0.53 | 4.04 ± 0.69 | 0.585 |
| Post-occlusion (diastolic) | 4.23 ± 0.62 | 4.19 ± 0.53 | 4.27 ± 0.70 | 0.675 |
| Flow mediated dilation (%), mean ± SD | 6.42 ± 4.02 | 6.53 ± 3.98 | 6.32 ± 4.15 | 0.87 |
| Reactive hyperemia index, mean ± SD | 2.23 ± 0.65 | 2.17 ± 0.51 | 2.28 ± 0.16 | 0.58 |
| hs-C-reactive protein (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 0.92 (0.55–1.53) | 0.84 (0.55–1.53) | 1.09 (0.33–1.75) | 0.61 |
| Interluekin-6 (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 2.01 (1.33–2.90) | 1.71 (1.14–2.11) | 2.41 (1.52–3.31) | 0.011 |
| Fibrinogen (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 3135 (2965–3706) | 3344 (3063–3738) | 3090 (2797–3534) | 0.24 |
| P-selectin (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 56.38 (38.17–85.60) | 55.43 (37.65–74.77) | 57.95 (40.10–96.94) | 0.31 |
| Myeloperoxidase (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 2.40 (1.83–3.17) | 2.36 (1.83–3.17) | 2.36 (1.83–3.17) | 0.80 |
| Number of inflammatory markers ≥75th percentile | 0.76 | |||
| 0 or 1 | 29 (63.0) | 15 (65.2) | 14 (60.9) | |
| ≥2 | 17 (37.0) | 8 (34.8) | 9 (39.1) | |
| Cotinine levels (ng/mL) | ||||
| 0–10 | 6 (26.1) | - | ||
| 10–30 | 17 (73.9) | 2 (8.7) | ||
| 30–500 | - | 7 (30.4) | ||
| 500–1000 | - | 4 (17.4) | ||
| >1000 | - | 10 (43.5) |