Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression of risk factor of liver metastasis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
| Age | 0.999 (0..991–1.007) | 0.780 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| No married | Reference | Reference | ||
| Married | 0.731 (0.578–0.923) | 0.008 | 0.813 (0.609–1.091) | 0.167 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | |||
| Male | 0.911 (0.724–1.145) | 0.423 | ||
| Histology | ||||
| Pancreatic endocrine tumor | Reference | |||
| Insulinoma | 0.721 (0.349–1.490) | 0.377 | ||
| Glucagonoma | 0.000 (0.000–0.000) | 0.998 | ||
| Gastrinoma | 1.042 (0.103_10.488) | 0.972 | ||
| Vipoma | 1.563 (0.269–9.068) | 0.619 | ||
| Somatostatinoma | 0.000 (0.000–0.000) | 1.000 | ||
| Carcinoid tumor | 0.000 (0.000–0.000) | 0.999 | ||
| Goblet cell carcinoid | 0.327 (0.196–0.548) | 0.000 | ||
| Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 0.000 (0.000–0.000) | 1.000 | ||
| Atypical carcinoid tumor | 1.053 (0.650–1.706) | 0.833 | ||
| Grade | ||||
| Well differentiated; Grade I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderately differentiated; Grade II | 2.435 (1.837–3.227) | < 0.001 | 1.171 (0.695–1.975) | 0.553 |
| Poorly differentiated; Grade III | 8.888 (6.083–12.979) | < 0.001 | 1.631 (1.015–2.620) | 0.043 |
| Undifferentiated; anaplastic; Grade IV | 9.958 (5.648–17.556) | < 0.001 | 0.813 (0.565–1.170) | 0.266 |
| Primary Site | ||||
| Head of pancreas | Reference | Reference | ||
| Body of pancreas | 0.423 (0.274–0.657) | < 0.001 | 0.760 (0.439–1.314) | 0.760 |
| Tail of pancreas | 1.056 (0.805–1.386) | 0.692 | 2.076 (1.446–2.981) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 1.135 (0.828–1.558) | 0.432 | 1.330 (0.865–2.040) | 0.191 |
| AJCC T stage | ||||
| T0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| T1 | 3.541 (1.918–7.349) | < 0.001 | 22.566 (1.711–297.667) | 0.180 |
| T2 | 4.351 (2.354–8.763) | < 0.001 | 0.451 (0.198–1.076) | 0.073 |
| T3 | 1.435 (0.783–2.948) | 0.074 | 1.008 (0.585–1.737) | 0.978 |
| T4 | 2.727 (0.275–27.076) | 0.240 | 1.525 (0.879–2.846) | 0.133 |
| AJCC N stage | ||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| N1 | 1.2686 (1.032–1.506) | < 0.001 | 2.348 (1.724–3.197) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.1041 (0.081–0.134) | < 0.001 | 0.156 (0.113–0.214) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery Lymph Node | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3.889 (3.069–4.928) | < 0.001 | 0.546 (0.329–0.906) | 0.019 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | |
| Yes | 2.036 (1.136–3.648) | 1.591 (0.877–2.888) | 0.144 | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.530 (0.359–0.782) | 0.001 | 0.272 (0.191–0.385) | 0.609 |
| Tumor size | ||||
| 0-26 mm | Reference | Reference | ||
| 26-36 mm | 1.009 (1.006–1.013) | < 0.001 | 2.201 (1.183–4.098) | 0.013 |
| > 36 mm | 2.224 (1.629–3.049) | < 0.001 | 3.859 (2.628–5.668) | < 0.001 |
| Brain metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 13.7090 (1.422–132.180) | 0.023 | 4.968 (0.334–73.900) | < 0.001 |
| Lung metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 11.071 (5.221–23.475) | < 0.001 | 1.153 (0.435–3.058) | 0.775 |
| Bone metastasis | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 18.498 (7.475–45.774) | < 0.001 | 9.048 (2.785–29.400) | < 0.001 |