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. 2023 Jun 10;42:145. doi: 10.1186/s13046-023-02718-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Deregulated expression of G6pc in human and rat HCCs and association with clinicopathological features. A Venn diagram of miR-494 putative targets (Targetscan algorithm) and downregulated genes in human (TCGA-HCC) and rat (DEN-HCC model) HCCs with respect to surrounding livers. B Kaplan–Meier curves of high and low G6pc-expressing HCCs (TCGA cohort). C-E Box plot graphs of G6pc mRNA levels in HCC and surrounding livers from the TCGA (N = 49) and Bologna (N = 46) cohorts and DEN-HCC rats (N = 18). Y-axes report G6pc mRNA expression. Real Time PCR was run in triplicate. F–H Correlation graphs between miR-494 and G6pc mRNA levels in HCC tissues of the TCGA (N = 319) and Bologna (N = 42) cohorts and tumor nodules (N = 23) of DEN-HCC rats. Axes report 2^−ΔΔCt values corresponding to miR-494 and G6pc levels transformed in a log2 form. Real Time PCR was run in triplicate. I Box plot graphs of G6pc mRNA levels in HCCs from the TCGA (N = 365) and Bologna (N = 42) cohorts according to tumor grade. On the top of each graph is reported the p-value relative to ANOVA, whereas stars represent comparison between groups (Tukey’s post hoc test). Y-axes report G6pc mRNA expression. Real Time PCR was run in triplicate. J Box plot graphs of G6pc mRNA levels in HCCs of the TCGA (N = 298) and Bologna (N = 25) cohorts divided according to the presence or absence of microvascular invasion (MVI). Y-axes report G6pc mRNA expression. Real Time PCR was run in triplicate. K Correlation graph between G6pc mRNA levels and tumor size of HCC patients (N = 42) from the Bologna cohort. Axes report 2^−ΔΔ.^Ct values corresponding to G6pc mRNA levels and tumor size (cm). GAPDH was used has housekeeping gene. Real Time PCR was run in triplicate. ANOVA, two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used. * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01