Table 2.
Demographic and Preoperative Parameters in Both Groups in Regard to Macular Hole Grade
| Small MH Grade | |||
| Characteristics | ILM Flap | ILM Peeling | p |
| n = 6 | n = 22 | ||
| Age, M ± SD | 65.99 ± 10.27 | 67.30 ± 8.12 | 0.780a |
| Eye (left), n (%) | 4 (66.7) | 11 (50.0) | 0.655 |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 3 (50.0) | 12 (54.5) | > 0.999 |
| High myopia, n (%) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (18.2) | 0.581 |
| Intraoperative gas tamponade, n (%) | |||
| C3F8 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (18.2) | 0.549 |
| SF6 | 6 (100.0) | 18 (81.8) | |
| Phacoemulsification intraoperatively, n (%) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (18.2) | 0.581 |
| Preoperative macular hole diameter at its base (µm), Me (Q1; Q3) | 640.00 (482.75; 721.50) | 516.00 (435.25; 722.5) | 0.764b |
| Macular hole size (µm), M ± SD | 192.17 ± 40.88 | 156.14 ± 57.90 | 0.110a |
| Preoperative retinal thickness temporal (µm), M ± SD | 354.50 ± 65.50 | 367.64 ± 73.80 | 0.682a |
| Preoperative retinal thickness nasal (µm), M ± SD | 373.17 ± 57.51 | 402.23 ± 73.90 | 0.267a |
| VMT, n (%) | 1 (16.7) | 8 (36.4) | 0.630 |
| Idiopathic vs secondary MH, n (%) | |||
| Idiopathic MH | 5 (83.3) | 16 (72.7) | > 0.999 |
| Secondary MH | 1 (16.7) | 6 (27.3) | |
| Preoperative lens status, n (%) | |||
| Phakic | 3 (50.0) | 18 (81.2) | 0.144 |
| Aphakic | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pseudophakic | 3 (50.0) | 4 (18.8) | |
| Visual acuity at baseline (logMar) - overall, Me (Q1; Q3) | 0.45 (0.40; 0.58) | 0.60 (0.50; 0.68) | 0.256b |
| Medium MH Grade | |||
| Characteristics | ILM Flap | ILM Peeling | p |
| n = 18 | n = 19 | ||
| Age, M ± SD | 69.27 (65.52; 75.68) | 71.52 (68.15; 75.92) | 0.298b |
| Eye (left), n (%) | 8 (44.4) | 5 (26.3) | 0.418c |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 11 (61.1) | 10 (52.6) | 0.851c |
| High myopia, n (%) | 4 (77.8) | 2 (10.5) | 0.405 |
| Intraoperative gas tamponade, n (%) | |||
| C3F8 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| SF6 | 18 (100.0) | 19 (100.0) | |
| Phacoemulsification intraoperatively, n (%) | 7 (38.9) | 11 (57.9) | 0.408c |
| Preoperative macular hole diameter at its base (µm), Me (Q1; Q3) | 795.82 ± 181.57 | 881.95 ± 292.52 | 0.291a |
| Macular hole size (µm), M ± SD | 331.72 ± 42.63 | 335.21 ± 44.51 | 0.809a |
| Preoperative retinal thickness temporal (µm), M ± SD | 389.56 ± 61.34 | 387.00 ± 62.28 | 0.903a |
| Preoperative retinal thickness nasal (µm), M ± SD | 411.67 ± 49.98 | 405.84 ± 67.60 | 0.767a |
| VMT, n (%) | 5 (27.8) | 7 (36.8) | 0.812c |
| Idiopathic vs secondary MH, n (%) | |||
| Idiopathic MH | 14 (77.8) | 15 (78.9) | > 0.999 |
| Secondary MH | 4 (22.2) | 4 (21.1) | |
| Preoperative lens status, n (%) | |||
| Phakic | 14 (77.8) | 16 (84.2) | 0.825 |
| Aphakic | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pseudophakic | 3 (16.6) | 3 (15.8) | |
| Visual acuity at baseline (logMAR) - overall, Me (Q1; Q3) | 0.60 (0.43; 0.78) | 0.70 (0.60; 1.00) | 0.153b |
| Large MH Grade | |||
| Characteristics | ILM Flap | ILM Peeling | p |
| n = 24 | n = 20 | ||
| Age, M ± SD | 70.54 (67.50; 75.24) | 67.76 (63.76; 75.01) | 0.476b |
| Eye (left), n (%) | 11 (45.8) | 12 (60.0) | 0.526c |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 17 (70.8) | 12 (60.0) | 0.663c |
| High myopia, n (%) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (15.0) | 0.316 |
| Intraoperative gas tamponade, n (%) | |||
| C3F8 | 1 (4.2) | 6 (30.0) | 0.035 |
| SF6 | 23 (95.8) | 14 (70.0) | |
| Phacoemulsification intraoperatively, n (%) | 9 (37.5) | 7 (35.0) | > 0.999c |
| Preoperative macular hole diameter at its base (µm), Me (Q1; Q3) | 1029.30 ± 183.66 | 1008.95 ± 244.17 | 0.762a |
| Macular hole size (µm), M ± SD | 534.00 (435.75; 607.00) | 466.00 (424.50; 500.75) | 0.075b |
| Preoperative retinal thickness temporal (µm), M ± SD | 422.58 ± 70.71 | 398.95 ± 77.49 | 0.301a |
| Preoperative retinal thickness nasal (µm), M ± SD | 436.50 (404.00; 478.50) | 406.00 (367.25; 448.00) | 0.252b |
| VMT, n (%) | 5 (20.8) | 4 (20.0) | > 0.999 |
| Idiopathic vs secondary MH, n (%) | |||
| Idiopathic MH | 23 (95.8) | 14 (70.0) | 0.035 |
| Secondary MH | 1 (4.2) | 6 (30.0) | |
| Preoperative lens status, n (%) | |||
| Phakic | 12 (50.0) | 13 (65.0) | 0.637 |
| Aphakic | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pseudophakic | 11 (45.8) | 7 (35.0) | |
| Visual acuity at baseline (logMar) - overall, Me (Q1; Q3) | 1.00 (0.80; 1.30) | 1.15 (0.95; 1.30) | 0.745a |
| High Myopia | |||
| Characteristics | ILM Flap | ILM Peeling | p |
| n = 7 | n = 9 | ||
| Age, M ± SD | 63.59 (52.08; 65.76) | 61.98 (59.34; 68.05) | 0.758b |
| Eye (left), n (%) | 3 (42.9) | 3 (33.3) | > 0.999 |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 4 (57.1) | 4 (44.4) | > 0.999 |
| High myopia, n (%) | |||
| Intraoperative gas tamponade, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (44.4) | 0.088 |
| C3F8 | 7 (100.0) | 5 (55.6) | |
| SF6 | 1 (14.3) | 1 (11.1) | > 0.999 |
| Phacoemulsification intraoperatively, n (%) | 660.29 ± 255.93 | 735.89 ± 209.85 | 0.539a |
| Preoperative macular hole diameter at its base (µm), Me (Q1; Q3) | 325.00 ± 167.35 | 310.33 ± 157.54 | 0.861a |
| Macular hole size (µm), M ± SD | 372.71 ± 71.42 | 367.44 ± 63.98 | 0.881a |
| Preoperative retinal thickness temporal (µm), M ± SD | 397.86 ± 55.42 | 403.11 ± 59.15 | 0.858a |
| Preoperative retinal thickness nasal (µm), M ± SD | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.438 |
| VMT, n (%) | |||
| Idiopathic vs secondary MH, n (%) | 6 (85.7) | 4 (44.4) | 0.145 |
| Idiopathic MH | 1 (14.3) | 5 (55.6) | |
| Secondary MH | |||
| Preoperative lens status, n (%) | 3 (42.9) | 5 (55.6) | 0.786 |
| Phakic | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Aphakic | 3 (42.9) | 4 (44.4) | |
| Pseudophakic | 0.50 (0.45; 0.65) | 1.30 (0.60; 1.30) | 0.145b |
| Visual acuity at baseline (logMAR) - overall, Me (Q1; Q3) | 0.50 (0.40; 0.60) | 0.50 (0.50; 0.65) | 0.556b |
Notes: Small MH grade, ≤250 µm; Medium MH grade, >250 – < 400 µm; Large MH grade, ≥400 µm; High myopia: if it exceeded 6 dioptres or if an axial eye length was > 26 mm; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; n (%) was given for qualitative variables, M ± SD or Median with quartile 1 and 3 for quantitative variables; Analyses were made with Student’s t-testa or Mann-Whitey’s U-testb (quantitative variables), Fisher’s exact test or chi-square testc (qualitative variables).
Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation; Me, median; Q1, Q3, quartile 1 and 3; n, number of subjects in a group; IL, membrana limitans interna; MH, macular hole; VMT, vitreomacular traction; VA, visual acuity.