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. 2023 Mar 23;182(6):2625–2634. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-04934-0

Table 2.

Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sleep difficulties including individual-related variables

Model 1 predictors Odds ratio Lower CI Upper CI
Sex (malea):
   female 1.71*** 1.44 2.04
Age category (11 years olda):
   13 years old 1.05 0.85 1.30
   15 years old 0.96 0.76 1.20
Family structure (mother and father1):
   only mother 1.19 0.92 1.53
   only father 0.66 0.31 1.40
   blended family 1.14 0.75 1.72
   other 1.14 0.54 2.40
Siblings (only childa):
   one sibling 1.37** 1.08 1.75
   at least two siblings 1.31 0.99 1.71
Socio-economic status (lowa):
   medium 0.89 0.72 1.09
   high 0.90 0.71 1.14
Self-perceived ill health 1.49*** 1.3 1.72
Alcohol use 1.16** 1.04 1.29
Smoking 1.12** 1.05 1.21
Screen time 1.06*** 1.03 1.09
Physical activity 1.00 0.96 1.05

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

aReference category