Table 4.
Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sleep difficulties including individual-related, family-related, and school-related variables
| Model 3 predictors | Odds ratio | Lower CI | Upper CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (malea): | |||
| female | 1.50*** | 1.25 | 1.82 |
| Age category (11 years olda): | |||
| 13 years old | 0.92 | 0.74 | 1.15 |
| 15 years old | 0.73* | 0.57 | 0.94 |
| Family structure (mother and fathera): | |||
| only mother | 1.06 | 0.81 | 1.39 |
| only father | 0.51 | 0.23 | 1.12 |
| blended family | 1.05 | 0.68 | 1.60 |
| other | 1.03 | 0.48 | 2.22 |
| Siblings (only childa): | |||
| one sibling | 1.41** | 1.10 | 1.81 |
| at least two siblings | 1.28 | 0.96 | 1.69 |
| Socio-economic status (lowa): | |||
| medium | 0.87 | 0.70 | 1.09 |
| high | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.16 |
| Self-perceived health | 1.24** | 1.06 | 1.43 |
| Alcohol use | 1.10 | 0.99 | 1.23 |
| Smoking | 1.11** | 1.03 | 1.20 |
| Screen time | 1.05** | 1.02 | 1.08 |
| Physical activity | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.05 |
| Parental communication (Good with both parentsa) | |||
| Good with mother | 1.20 | 0.96 | 1.49 |
| Good with father | 1.64** | 1.15 | 2.33 |
| Difficult with both | 1.63*** | 1.27 | 2.10 |
| Parental support | 0.84*** | 0.78 | 0.90 |
| School pressure | 1.40*** | 1.26 | 1.56 |
| Peer support | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.13 |
| Student support | 1.25*** | 1.10 | 1.42 |
| Teacher support | 1.04 | 0.92 | 1.17 |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
aReference category