Table 2.

Investigation of catalytic performance of selected homogeneous DESs upon model reaction for 1a^a.

Entry	Catalyst	The amount of catalyst	Yield (%)
1	Fe3O4@SiO2@urea-riched ligand/Ch-Cl	10 mg	75
2	Ch-Cl/urea	10 mol%	77
3	Ch-Cl/thiourea	10 mol%	66
4	Ch-Cl/Citric acid	10 mol%	70
5	Ch-Cl/Benzamide	10 mol%	60
6	Ch-Cl/ Ascorbic acid	10 mol%	65
7	Ch-Cl/ Benzoic acid	10 mol%	70
8	Ch-Cl/Acetamide	10 mol%	60
9	Ch-Cl/ Glycerol	10 mol%	55

^aReaction conditions: 4-acetylphenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1 mmol, 0.290 g), malononitrile (1 mmol, 0.066 g), ammonium format (1.5 mmol, 0.094 g), benzaldehyde (1 mmol, 0.106 g), solvent-free, 110 °C, 30 min.