Table 1.

Emission fluxes of 75 gases emanating from the skin surface of non-PATM and PATM subjects (unit: ng cm⁻² h⁻¹).

Human skin gas	CAS no.	Non-PATM group (n = 24)		PATM group (n = 20)		Direction	p value
		Median	Mean ± SD	Median	Mean ± SD
1-Propanol	71-23-8	4.1	5.2 ± 2.7	0.52	3.7 ± 7.0
1-Butanol	71-36-3	1.3	4.3 ± 9.3	2.4	3.1 ± 4.1
1-Pentanol	71-41-0	2.8	3.6 ± 3.1	0.68	1.8 ± 4.0	>	**
1-Hexanol	111-27-3	2.5	2.8 ± 2.2	0.13	1.3 ± 2.2	>	**
1-Heptanol	111-70-6	2.3	2.7 ± 2.0	0.17	0.89 ± 1.3	>	**
1-Octanol	111-87-5	1.8	3.0 ± 2.8	0.27	0.87 ± 1.4	>	**
1-Nonanol	143-08-8	4.1	4.8 ± 3.2	0.20	0.44 ± 0.84	>	**
1-Decanol	112-30-1	3.4	7.1 ± 11	0.58	2.1 ± 4.9	>	**
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	104-76-7	0.05	0.20 ± 0.28	1.5	2.3 ± 2.9	<	**
Acetaldehyde	75-07-0	1.0	1.4 ± 1.6	0.68	29 ± 106
Propanal	123-38-6	6.2	5.6 ± 2.4	2.1	7.6 ± 15
Butanal	123-72-8	1.8	2.3 ± 1.8	1.5	20 ± 48
Isovaleraldehyde	590-86-3	0.74	2.1 ± 2.4	3.4	5.9 ± 7.2	<	*
Pentanal	110-62-3	1.5	1.8 ± 1.1	1.5	4.3 ± 6.3
Hexanal	66-25-1	1.2	1.5 ± 1.2	3.5	8.2 ± 11	<	*
Heptanal	111-71-7	2.3	3.0 ± 2.9	0.75	1.7 ± 2.3	>	*
Octanal	124-13-0	2.3	2.6 ± 2.6	1.0	2.6 ± 6.1
Nonanal	124-19-6	1.1	2.7 ± 3.2	1.4	2.7 ± 3.0
Decanal	112-31-2	0.82	1.8 ± 1.9	0.58	7.5 ± 27
2-hexenal	505-57-7	1.0	1.5 ± 1.5	0.19	0.32 ± 0.46	>	**
2-nonenal	2463-53-8	0.44	1.3 ± 1.6	0.13	1.9 ± 6.6
Acetic acid	64-19-7	485	538 ± 292	15	68 ± 118	>	**
Propionic acid	471-25-0	1.3	2.5 ± 2.5	2.9	3.0 ± 2.5
Butanoic acid	107-92-6	0.77	1.7 ± 1.9	0.67	1.5 ± 2.0
Isovaleric acid	503-74-2	0.44	0.66 ± 0.66	0.04	0.47 ± 0.69
Valeric acid	109-52-4	0.88	1.8 ± 2.9	0.28	3.9 ± 7.4
Hexanoic acid	142-62-1	0.45	1.1 ± 1.6	1.2	3.5 ± 5.4
Heptanoic acid	111-14-8	0.53	1.4 ± 1.6	0.36	1.1 ± 2.0
Octanoic acid	124-07-2	0.85	1.4 ± 1.7	1.0	3.3 ± 6.5
Nonanoic acid	112-05-0	1.0	2.4 ± 2.7	2.3	9.3 ± 18
Decanoic acid	334-48-5	0.90	1.4 ± 1.7	1.1	5.3 ± 16
Acetone	67-64-1	1.4	1.5 ± 0.77	17	73 ± 186	<	**
2-Butanone	78-93-3	1.3	1.5 ± 1.4	0.18	5.7 ± 17
2-Pentanone	107-87-9	0.90	1.5 ± 2.1	1.5	2.5 ± 3.1
2-Hexanone	591-78-6	0.94	1.6 ± 1.6	1.8	2.9 ± 2.9
2-Heptanone	110-43-0	0.73	1.6 ± 2.4	0.23	0.40 ± 0.53	>	**
2-Octanone	111-13-7	0.82	1.2 ± 1.3	0.11	0.36 ± 0.48	>	**
2-nonanone	821-55-6	0.80	2.3 ± 3.5	0	0.68 ± 1.6	>	**
2-Decanone	693-54-9	2.0	2.5 ± 1.7	0.10	0.27 ± 0.35	>	**
2-Undecanone	112-12-9	1.8	2.5 ± 1.8	0.30	1.6 ± 5.1	>	**
2-Dodecanone	6175-49-1	1.7	2.3 ± 2.0	0.06	0.38 ± 0.62	>	**
2-Tridecanone	593-08-8	1.8	2.4 ± 1.9	0.09	0.32 ± 0.50	>	**
2-Tetradecanone	2345-27-9	2.1	2.5 ± 2.6	0.08	0.71 ± 1.5	>	**
2-Pentadecanone	2345-28-0	2.3	3.4 ± 3.3	0.26	1.9 ± 4.0	>	**
Diacetyl	431-03-8	1.2	2.4 ± 3.1	1.6	3.4 ± 4.5
Acetoin	513-86-0	3.4	4.9 ± 3.6	0.46	2.7 ± 5.0	>	**
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	110-93-0	2.8	3.5 ± 2.8	0.18	2.5 ± 5.7	>	**
Ethyl acetate	141-78-6	4.8	4.5 ± 2.2	0.59	3.7 ± 9.1	>	**
cis-3- Hexenyl acetate	3681-71-8	2.6	3.1 ± 2.4	0	1.0 ± 2.0	>	**
Benzyl acetoacetate	5396-89-4	1.4	1.9 ± 1.5	0.28	1.7 ± 3.9	>	*
Butylated hydroxytoluene	128-37-0	1.7	2.5 ± 1.9	0.01	1.3 ± 4.2	>	**
Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	2.8	3.6 ± 2.9	0.10	0.24 ± 0.48	>	**
Phenol	108-95-2	0.12	0.36 ± 0.78	0.13	1.4 ± 2.3
Toluene	108-88-3	0.04	0.18 ± 0.62	3.0	7.2 ± 10	<	**
Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	0.04	0.33 ± 0.85	0.17	0.50 ± 1.3
m,p-Xylene	106-42-3,108-38-3	0.02	0.26 ± 1.0	0.42	1.1 ± 2.1	<	**
o-Xylene	95-47-6	0.03	0.19 ± 0.64	0.05	0.59 ± 1.3
Styrene	100-42-5	0.02	0.27 ± 1.0	0	0.51 ± 2.0
p-Dichlorobenzene	106-46-7	0.02	0.30 ± 1.0	0	0.23 ± 0.61
Geosmin	19700-21-1	0.11	0.58 ± 1.0	0.02	0.48 ± 0.90
Indole	120-72-9	0.23	0.32 ± 0.37	0	0.13 ± 0.30	>	**
Skatole	83-34-1	0.17	0.32 ± 0.60	0	0.10 ± 0.18	>	**
α-Pinene	2437-95-8	2.5	2.7 ± 1.9	0.65	2.2 ± 5.5	>	**
β-Pinene	127-91-3	2.0	2.6 ± 1.9	0.05	0.59 ± 1.1	>	**
d-Limonene	5989-27-5	2.5	3.3 ± 3.1	0.14	0.39 ± 0.45	>	**
Methyl mercaptan	74-93-1	1.4	1.8 ± 2.4	0.08	7.0 ± 20	<	**
Ethyl mercaptan	75-08-1	0.53	0.77 ± 1.0	0	4.0 ± 14	<	**
Allyl methyl sulfide	10152-76-8	0.35	0.71 ± 1.1	0	1.4 ± 5.8	<	**
Diallyl dimethyl sulfide	2179-57-9	0.24	1.0 ± 2.0	0.18	0.75 ± 1.4
γ-Hexalactone	695-06-7	1.0	2.9 ± 3.3	0.14	0.74 ± 1.8	>	**
γ-Heptalactone	105-21-5	1.9	3.2 ± 2.8	0.05	0.43 ± 0.69	>	**
γ-Octalactone	104-50-7	1.9	2.5 ± 2.1	0	0.31 ± 0.66	>	**
γ-Nonalactone	104-61-0	1.4	2.7 ± 3.0	0	0.41 ± 1.2	>	**
γ-Decalactone	706-14-9	1.1	2.1 ± 2.5	0.04	0.22 ± 0.36	>	**
γ-Undecalactone	104-67-6	1.3	1.8 ± 1.7	0.02	0.31 ± 0.51	>	**

Skin gases with a greater emission in the PATM group are highlighted in bold. *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001.