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. 2023 Jun 10;13:9464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36617-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Locations by state and by county of CIEP tested artifacts and positive reactions for Equidae, Bovidae, and Proboscidea (Table 1). One artifact (#46; positive for Bovidae) is from South Carolina but has no precise provenience and is not plotted on the figure. 30-m digital elevation map (DEM) produced in ArcGIS software (v.10.4.1). The Equidae (Pleistocene horse) image is used with permission of Benji Paysnoe and is owned by the National Parks Service (NPS) and is in the public domain. The Bovidae image (American Bison) by Chris Woolley is reproduced with permission of Connie Woolley and the American Mastodon image is courtesy of La Brea Tar Pits, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History.