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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Digit Health. 2023 Apr 14;5(6):e350–e359. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00043-2

Figure 2: Associations between physical frailty and health-related measures.

Figure 2:

(A) Of 325 health measures, 283 showed significant associations (p<1·54 × 10−4; Bonferroni-corrected) with physical frailty while covarying for a set of potential confounders. Phenotypes that did not show significant associations are shown in grey. The top 20 phenotypic measures showing the numerically most significant associations with frailty are highlighted. (B) Distribution of effect sizes with and without additional control for family income, smoking status, and alcohol intake. (C) The top ten health measures exhibiting the numerically most significant associations with frailty. For ease of getting up, higher values represent better outcomes; for all other measures, higher values represent worse outcomes. Data are mean (95% CI). PHQ=patient health questionnaire. PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder.