Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients with COPD with or Without Triple Therapy
| Triple Therapy (n=19,358) | Without Triple Therapy (n=19,358) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Number of deaths | 4832 | 24.96 | 3269 | 16.89 | <0.0001 |
| Age | |||||
| 40–59 | 5044 | 26.06 | 5044 | 26.06 | 1.0000 |
| 60–74 | 9618 | 49.68 | 9618 | 49.68 | |
| ≧75 | 4696 | 24.26 | 4696 | 24.26 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 16433 | 84.89 | 16433 | 84.89 | 1.0000 |
| Female | 2925 | 15.11 | 2925 | 15.11 | |
| Exacerbations | |||||
| No exacerbations | 5076 | 26.22 | 5076 | 26.22 | 1.0000 |
| Ever had exacerbations | 14,282 | 73.78 | 14,282 | 73.78 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Acute respiratory failure | 611 | 3.16 | 479 | 2.47 | <0.0001 |
| Pneumonia | 4953 | 25.59 | 4629 | 23.91 | 0.0001 |
| Lung cancer | 458 | 2.37 | 293 | 1.51 | <0.0001 |
| Thoracic malignancies | 507 | 2.62 | 344 | 1.78 | <0.0001 |
| Bronchiectasis | 974 | 5.03 | 526 | 2.72 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertensive diseases | 8734 | 45.12 | 10,155 | 52.46 | <0.0001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 4343 | 22.44 | 4546 | 23.48 | 0.0142 |
| Heart failure | 2044 | 10.56 | 1425 | 7.36 | <0.0001 |
| Stroke | 1120 | 5.79 | 1913 | 9.88 | <0.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1547 | 7.99 | 1572 | 8.12 | 0.6406 |
| Cancer (except lung and thoracic) | 1127 | 5.82 | 1045 | 5.40 | 0.0701 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2968 | 15.33 | 4174 | 21.56 | <0.0001 |
| Renal diseases | 675 | 3.49 | 850 | 4.39 | <0.0001 |
| Dementia/Alzheimer’s disease | 258 | 1.33 | 620 | 3.20 | <0.0001 |