Table 2.

The Mortality Risk Ratio Between COPD Patients Who Received Triple Therapy and Those Who Did Not

Triple vs Nontriple Therapy	Crude				Fully Adjusted Model				Reduced (Stepwise)
	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval		P value	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval		P value	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval		P value
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Triple therapy (Ref=nontriple therapy)	1.568	1.500	1.639	<0.0001	1.675	1.596	1.757	<0.0001	1.677	1.599	1.76	<0.0001
Comorbidities
Acute respiratory failure	2.779	2.536	3.046	<0.0001	1.797	1.632	1.978	<0.0001	1.796	1.632	1.978	<0.0001
Pneumonia	1.471	1.403	1.541	<0.0001	1.275	1.211	1.342	<0.0001	1.283	1.222	1.347	<0.0001
Lung cancer	2.026	1.797	2.284	<0.0001	1.099	0.797	1.516	0.5646	–	–	–	–
Thoracic malignancies	2.016	1.802	2.255	<0.0001	1.634	1.209	2.209	0.0014	1.775	1.585	1.987	<0.0001
Bronchiectasis	1.19	1.07	1.322	0.0013	1.079	0.97	1.201	0.1594	–	–	–	–
Hypertensive diseases	1.29	1.234	1.347	<0.0001	1.144	1.092	1.198	<0.0001	1.144	1.092	1.198	<0.0001
Ischemic heart disease	1.227	1.168	1.288	<0.0001	1.071	1.009	1.136	0.0243	1.055	1.002	1.111	0.0414
Heart failure	1.857	1.746	1.976	<0.0001	1.503	1.409	1.603	<0.0001	1.5	1.406	1.6	<0.0001
Stroke	1.716	1.605	1.835	<0.0001	1.474	1.375	1.58	<0.0001	1.473	1.374	1.578	<0.0001
Myocardial infarction	1.177	1.092	1.269	<0.0001	0.959	0.878	1.048	0.3545	–	–	–	–
Cancer*	1.724	1.594	1.864	<0.0001	1.531	1.414	1.657	<0.0001	1.529	1.413	1.655	<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus	1.285	1.219	1.355	<0.0001	1.151	1.089	1.215	<0.0001	1.15	1.089	1.215	<0.0001
Renal diseases	2.266	2.079	2.47	<0.0001	1.792	1.64	1.958	<0.0001	1.79	1.639	1.956	<0.0001
Dementia/Alzheimer’s disease	2.782	2.518	3.074	<0.0001	2.298	2.074	2.546	<0.0001	2.303	2.078	2.551	<0.0001

Note: *Except lung and thoracic.