Table 3.
Study | Study Groups | Implant-related Complications
n/N (%) |
Additional Analysis |
---|---|---|---|
Loffler et al. (2021) 28) | Osteoporosis | 11/13 (84.6) (screw loosening) | NR |
Osteopenia | 9/20 (45.0) (screw loosening) | ||
No Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | 3/13 (23.1) (screw loosening) | ||
Roberts et al. (2021) 16) | Osteoporosis
No Osteoporosis |
192/3,162 (6.1) (instrumentation failure)
76/1,581 (4.8) (instrumentation failure) |
Osteoporosis w/ bisphosphonate vs.
No Osteoporosis, OR 1.20 (95% CI 0.88–1.65); Osteoporosis w/out bisphosphonate vs. No Osteoporosis, OR 1.35 (1.00–1.84) |
Sumiya et al. (2021) 29) | Osteoporosis
No Osteoporosis |
17/33 (51.5) (screw pull-out)
9/43 (20.9) (screw pull-out) |
NR |
St Jeor et al. (2020) 31) | Osteoporosis | 5/14 (35.7) (pooled rate of ORCs*) | Osteoporosis vs. No Osteoporosis/
Osteopenia, p=0.138 Osteopenia vs. No Osteoporosis/ Osteopenia, p=0.005 |
Osteopenia | 33/82 (40.2) (pooled rate of ORCs*) | ||
No Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | 7/44 (15.9) (pooled rate of ORCs*) | ||
Park et al. (2019) 30) | Osteoporosis
(T-score≤−2.5) # |
7/72 lumbar levels (9.7%) (CM w/o subsidence)
13/72 lumbar levels (18.1%) (CM w/ subsidence), 9/72 lumbar levels (12.5%) (CR) |
Osteoporosis was a risk factor for:
CM w/out subsidence, OR 8.73, p<0.001; CM w/ subsidence, OR 5.77, p<0.001; CR, OR 7.86, p<0.001 |
No Osteoporosis/Osteopenia
(T-score≤−2.5) ǂ |
13/809 lumbar levels (1.6%) (CM w/o subsidence),
23/809 (0.1%) (CM w/ subsidence), 8/809 lumbar levels (1.0%) (CR) |
||
Cho et al. (2018) 15) | Osteoporosis
(T-score≤−2.5) # No Osteoporosis (T-score≥−1.0) # |
10/31 (32.3) (screw loosening)
17/24 (70.8) (cage subsidence) 7/55 (12.7) (screw loosening) 9/39 (23.1) (cage subsidence) |
Osteoporosis vs. No Osteoporosis,
screw loosening, p=0.029; cage subsidence, p<0.001 |
Formby et al. (2016) 27) | Osteoporosis
No Osteoporosis |
4/18 (22.2) (pedicle screw loosening)
6/70 (8.6) (pedicle screw loosening) |
Osteoporosis vs. No Osteoporosis
p=0.14 |
*Osteoporosis-related complications (ORCs) were defined as one of the following categories: revision surgery, compression fracture, proximal junctional kyphosis, pseudarthrosis, accelerated adjacent segment disease, or instrumentation failure (including screw loosening).
#T-score, a measure of bone density measured in standard deviations from the average bone density of healthy same-sex young adults.
ǂT-score between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean is considered low bone density, or osteopenia.
CI, confidence interval; CM, cage migration; CR, cage retropulsion; OR, odds ratio; ORC, osteoporosis-related complications; NR, not reported