Table 3. Multilevel survival analyses of associations of combination of MVPA, dietary variety, and social interactions with incident disability (n = 7,822).

Combination categories	Number of events/ participants	Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4			PAF, % (95% CI)
			HR	(95% CI)	P	HR	(95% CI)	P	HR	(95% CI)	P	HR	(95% CI)	P	Insufficiency →sufficiency
Number of satisfying behaviors
Not satisfying any behaviors	109/451	88.2	1.00	(Ref.)		1.00	(Ref.)		1.00	(Ref.)		1.00	(Ref.)
Satisfying any one behavior	274/1,620	59.9	0.72	(0.58–0.90)	0.004	0.73	(0.59–0.92)	0.007	0.75	(0.60–0.94)	0.012	0.82	(0.65–1.03)	0.08	4.0 (−0.2 to 7.9)
Satisfying any two behaviors	382/2,975	44.4	0.51	(0.41–0.63)	<0.001	0.55	(0.44–0.68)	<0.001	0.58	(0.47–0.73)	<0.001	0.65	(0.52–0.82)	<0.001	9.6 (4.8–14.1)
Satisfying all three behaviors	281/2,776	34.4	0.38	(0.30–0.47)	<0.001	0.42	(0.34–0.53)	<0.001	0.47	(0.37–0.60)	<0.001	0.54	(0.43–0.69)	<0.001	16.0 (8.7–22.8)
	1,046/7,822	46.3		Trend	<0.001		Trend	<0.001		Trend	<0.001		Trend	<0.001
Combination pattern of satisfying behaviors
Not satisfying any behaviors	109/451	88.2	1.00	(Ref.)		1.00	(Ref.)		1.00	(Ref.)		1.00	(Ref.)
Only MVPA	113/861	45.6	0.60	(0.46–0.78)	<0.001	0.61	(0.46–0.79)	<0.001	0.62	(0.47–0.81)	<0.001	0.69	(0.53–0.90)	0.007
Only dietary variety	72/292	89.7	0.86	(0.64–1.16)	0.32	0.87	(0.64–1.17)	0.36	0.85	(0.63–1.15)	0.29	0.86	(0.63–1.16)	0.32
Only social interaction	89/467	68.7	0.83	(0.63–1.10)	0.20	0.87	(0.65–1.15)	0.33	0.91	(0.69–1.22)	0.54	1.02	(0.77–1.36)	0.88
MVPA + dietary variety	129/933	47.6	0.51	(0.40–0.66)	<0.001	0.55	(0.42–0.71)	<0.001	0.58	(0.44–0.75)	<0.001	0.64	(0.49–0.83)	0.001
Dietary variety + social interaction	85/456	66.4	0.66	(0.49–0.87)	0.004	0.71	(0.53–0.95)	0.020	0.73	(0.54–0.98)	0.034	0.78	(0.58–1.05)	0.10
MVPA + social interaction	168/1,586	36.4	0.46	(0.36–0.59)	<0.001	0.49	(0.39–0.63)	<0.001	0.54	(0.42–0.69)	<0.001	0.62	(0.48–0.79)	<0.001
MVPA + dietary variety + social interaction	281/2,776	34.4	0.38	(0.30–0.47)	<0.001	0.43	(0.34–0.54)	<0.001	0.48	(0.38–0.61)	<0.001	0.54	(0.43–0.69)	<0.001
	1,046/7,822	46.3

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; PAF, population-attributable fraction.

Total MVPA time ≥150 minutes/week, dietary variety (Dietary Variety Score) ≥3, and social interaction (apart from cohabiting family members) ≥1 time/week were defined as sufficiency, respectively.

Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex.

Model 2: Adjusted for variables in model 1, plus living situation, marital status, education, equivalent income, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cancer, alcohol drinking status, and smoking status.

Model 3: Adjusted for variables in model 2, plus depressive mood, lower back pain, knee pain, and sitting time.

Model 4: Adjusted for variables in model 3, plus IADL dependency.