表 1.
5 249例ICU患者的基本特征
Characteristic of 5 249 patients in the ICU
| Variables | Total (n=5 249) | Survival (n=4 852) | Death (n=397) | P value |
| ICU, intensive care unit; AG, admission glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio; GG, glucose gap. | ||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Insurance, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Medicaid | 302 (5.8) | 289 (6.0) | 13 (3.3) | |
| Medicare | 2 289 (43.6) | 2 074 (42.7) | 215 (54.2) | |
| Other | 2 658 (50.6) | 2 489 (51.3) | 169 (42.6) | |
| Marital status, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Divorced | 407 (7.8) | 378 (7.8) | 29 (7.3) | |
| Married | 2 788 (53.1) | 2 594 (53.5) | 194 (48.9) | |
| Single | 1 372 (26.1) | 1 280 (26.4) | 92 (23.2) | |
| Widowed | 682 (13.0) | 600 (12.4) | 82 (20.7) | |
| Length of stay/d, M(P25, P75) | 2.24 (1.28, 4.58) | 2.17 (1.26, 4.23) | 4.25 (2.12, 9.16) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n(%) | 3 088 (58.8) | 2 895 (59.7) | 193 (48.6) | < 0.001 |
| Age/year, M(P25, P75) | 68.00 (56.00, 78.00) | 67.00 (56.00, 77.00) | 76.00 (62.00, 84.00) | < 0.001 |
| Complications | ||||
| Myocardial infarction, n(%) | 1 410 (26.9) | 1 292 (26.6) | 118 (29.7) | 0.201 |
| Congestive heart failure, n(%) | 1 506 (28.7) | 1 344 (27.7) | 162 (40.8) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n(%) | 651 (12.4) | 595 (12.3) | 56 (14.1) | 0.321 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n(%) | 1 999 (38.1) | 1 769 (36.5) | 230 (57.9) | < 0.001 |
| Dementia, n(%) | 176 (3.4) | 152 (3.1) | 24 (6.0) | 0.003 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, n(%) | 1 042 (19.9) | 953 (19.6) | 89 (22.4) | 0.205 |
| Rheumatic disease, n(%) | 143 (2.7) | 130 (2.7) | 13 (3.3) | 0.589 |
| Peptic ulcer, n(%) | 63 (1.2) | 56 (1.2) | 7 (1.8) | 0.406 |
| Mild liver disease, n(%) | 291 (5.5) | 238 (4.9) | 53 (13.4) | < 0.001 |
| Severe liver disease, n(%) | 71 (1.4) | 52 (1.1) | 19 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes with chronic complication, n(%) | 550 (10.5) | 507 (10.4) | 43 (10.8) | 0.878 |
| Diabetes without chronic complication, n(%) | 1 561 (29.7) | 1 439 (29.7) | 122 (30.7) | 0.695 |
| Paraplegia, n(%) | 975 (18.6) | 843 (17.4) | 132 (33.2) | < 0.001 |
| Renal disease, n(%) | 896 (17.1) | 791 (16.3) | 105 (26.4) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, ±s | 5.47±2.48 | 5.36±2.44 | 6.91±2.51 | < 0.001 |
| Vital signs，M(P25, P75) | ||||
| Heart rate/(beats/min) | 79.97 (71.74, 89.58) | 79.77 (71.72, 89.11) | 83.61 (72.40, 95.48) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate/(times/min) | 18.20 (16.58, 20.23) | 18.08 (16.51, 20.04) | 19.90 (17.81, 22.57) | < 0.001 |
| Temperature/℃ | 36.81 (36.62, 37.04) | 36.81 (36.62, 37.02) | 36.87 (36.62, 37.25) | < 0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation/% | 96.83 (95.60, 97.97) | 96.80 (95.60, 97.93) | 97.36 (95.61, 98.59) | 0.001 |
| Weight/kg | 84.13 (70.71, 100.08) | 84.50 (71.19, 100.37) | 80.00 (65.80, 96.00) | < 0.001 |
| Lab indexes, M(P25, P75) | ||||
| White blood cell count/(×109/L) | 10.80 (8.27, 13.67) | 10.60 (8.18, 13.48) | 12.80 (10.25, 16.25) | < 0.001 |
| Chloride/(mmol/L) | 104.60 (101.67, 107.00) | 104.50 (101.75, 107.00) | 105.00 (100.05, 108.00) | 0.157 |
| Creatinine/(mg/dL) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.20) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.20) | 1.23 (0.87, 1.98) | < 0.001 |
| AG/(mg/dL) | 7.29 (6.39, 8.89) | 7.22 (6.34, 8.72) | 8.37 (7.02, 10.69) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium/(mmol/L) | 138.20 (136.20, 140.50) | 138.02 (136.17, 140.28) | 139.40 (136.67, 142.11) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin/(g/dL) | 11.54 (10.06, 12.90) | 11.59 (10.11, 12.96) | 11.00 (9.45, 12.55) | < 0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen/(mg/dL) | 16.67 (12.50, 23.50) | 16.00 (12.25, 22.50) | 25.00 (16.00, 41.40) | < 0.001 |
| Anion gap/(mEq/L) | 14.00 (12.00, 16.00) | 13.67 (12.00, 15.67) | 16.00 (14.00, 18.31) | < 0.001 |
| Potassium/(mEq/L) | 4.14 (3.87, 4.42) | 4.13 (3.88, 4.40) | 4.17 (3.85, 4.56) | 0.073 |
| Blood platelet count/(×109/L) | 193.71 (152.56, 244.50) | 193.00 (152.84, 243.66) | 202.00 (150.67, 252.00) | 0.547 |
| Thrombin time/s | 13.27 (12.05, 14.70) | 13.20 (12.00, 14.60) | 13.75 (12.35, 16.10) | < 0.001 |
| Prothrombin time/s | 30.65 (27.30, 38.70) | 30.56 (27.30, 38.28) | 31.70 (28.40, 47.65) | < 0.001 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.50) | < 0.001 |
| Bicarbonate/(mEq/L) | 23.50 (21.60, 25.40) | 23.67 (22.00, 25.50) | 21.80 (19.00, 24.00) | < 0.001 |
| Haematocrit/% | 34.70 (30.90, 38.80) | 34.80 (31.07, 38.80) | 33.88 (29.05, 38.40) | 0.004 |
| Red blood cell distribution width/% | 13.76 (13.10, 14.70) | 13.70 (13.10, 14.65) | 14.40 (13.60, 15.80) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium/(mg/dL) | 8.65 (8.20, 9.00) | 8.65 (8.24, 9.00) | 8.53 (8.10, 9.00) | 0.003 |
| HbA1c/% | 5.90 (5.50, 6.80) | 5.86 (5.50, 6.80) | 5.90 (5.50, 6.70) | 0.798 |
| Scores, M(P25, P75) | ||||
| GCS | 13.00 (10.00, 14.00) | 14.00 (11.00, 14.00) | 8.00 (6.00, 11.00) | < 0.001 |
| SIH-related index | ||||
| SHR1, M(P25, P75) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.19 (1.01, 1.42) | < 0.001 |
| GG, M(P25, P75) | 0.28 (-0.71, 1.31) | 0.20 (-0.75, 1.22) | 1.31 (0.11, 2.87) | < 0.001 |
| SHR2, M(P25, P75) | 1.20 (1.06, 1.37) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.35) | 1.39 (1.19, 1.64) | < 0.001 |
| SHR1 tertile, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Q1(≤0.90) | 1 288 (24.5) | 1 241 (25.6) | 47 (11.8) | |
| Q2(>0.90, ≤1.20) | 2 681 (51.1) | 2 523 (52.0) | 158 (39.8) | |
| Q3(>1.20) | 1 280 (24.4) | 1 088 (22.4) | 192 (48.4) | |
| SHR2 tertile, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Q1(≤1.06) | 1 342 (25.6) | 1 289 (26.6) | 53 (13.4) | |
| Q2(>1.06, ≤1.37) | 2 594 (49.4) | 2 456 (50.6) | 138 (34.8) | |
| Q3(>1.37) | 1 313 (25.0) | 1 107 (22.8) | 206 (51.9) | |
| GG tertile, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Q1(≤－0.71) | 1 320 (25.1) | 1 270 (26.2) | 50 (12.6) | |
| Q2(>-0.71, ≤1.32) | 2 631 (50.1) | 2 482 (51.2) | 149 (37.5) | |
| Q3(>1.32) | 1 298 (24.7) | 1 100 (22.7) | 198 (49.9) | |