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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2022 Dec 12;36(1):366–378. doi: 10.1017/S0954579422001250

Table 1.

Summary statistics for all models

Pandemic-related changes in socialbehavior In-person Digital
β p-value β p-value
 Pre vs. post pandemic 1.049 < 0.001 0.037 0.501
 Pre vs. post pandemic by Age −0.017 0.818 0.075 0.182

Social behavior and vsvchovathologv Wave 1 Wave 2
Internalizing Externalizing Internalizing Externalizing
Social behaviors β p-value β p-value βitalic p-value β p-value
 Change in in-person socialization 0.020 0.751 0.032 0.611 −0.041 0.573 −0.003 0.969
 Change in digital socialization −0.001 0.983 −0.015 0.809 −0.114 0.124 0.031 0.673
 Social isolation 0.234 < 0.001 0.289 < 0.001 0.241 0.001 0.185 0.010
 Peer support −0.234 < 0.001 −0.060 0.358 −0.195 0.007 −0.040 0.579
Social behaviors by Age
 Change in in-person socialization 0.096 0.308 0.064 0.486 0.019 0.855 −0.101 0.330
 Change in digital socialization 0.079 0.233 −0.055 0.401 0.063 0.397 −0.086 0.238
 Social isolation 0.104 0.733 0.095 0.749 −0.406 0.242 0.305 0.382
 Peer support −0.631 0.036 −0.501 0.104 0.087 0.816 0.117 0.758

Social moderation of stress-related vsvchovathologv Wave 1 Wave 2
Internalizing Externalizing Internalizing Externalizing
Social behaviors β p-value β p-value β p-value β p-value
 Change in in-person socialization −0.161 0.223 −0.097 0.467 −0.277 0.082 −0.110 0.470
 Change in digital socialization −0.051 0.632 −0.072 0.509 −0.274 0.034 −0.167 0.180
 Social isolation 1.310 < 0.001 0.819 0.016 0.482 0.241 0.331 0.406
 Peer support 0.527 0.069 −0.286 0.340 0.099 0.772 −0.215 0.522
Social behaviors by Age
 Change in in-person socialization 0.599 0.003 −0.087 0.680 0.314 0.213 0.098 0.684
 Change in digital socialization 0.196 0.111 0.116 0.358 0.038 0.799 0.155 0.270
 Social isolation −0.808 0.128 0.723 0.182 −0.416 0.530 −0.391 0.544
 Peer support 0.044 0.926 −0.229 0.645 −0.160 0.787 −0.606 0.301

Note: all models examining symptoms as outcomes controlled for pre-pandemic symptoms. Wave 1 refers to the assessment conducted at the start of the pandemic between April and May 2020, Wave 2 refers to the assessment conducted six months later between November 2020 and January 2021; β = standardized coefficient; Bold denotes significant effect.